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NEWS

2020.09.26

董事薪酬「部分未支付→汇总支付」会有问题吗!

由于业绩不佳,董事人员薪酬部分不能支付时,应该注意些什么呢?

首先

由于新型冠状病毒感染症的影响业绩下降,出现了无法支付董事薪酬的情况。如何应对才能避免产生税务上的问题呢?

业绩恶化是否符合改定理由

由于新型冠状病毒感染症的影响无法支付原本的董事薪酬时,可以考慮到两种对应方法: ①降低董事薪酬②董事薪酬的一部分作为未支付处理

①的情况下,如果董事薪酬符合业绩恶化改定理由,则不会发生税务上的问题。例如,为了防止新型冠状病毒感染症的感染扩大,被要求停止营业的企业,不难想到存在业绩恶化的客观情况。只要董事薪酬符合业绩恶化的改定理由,董事薪酬在减额前后基本上都是法人税计算时的扣除项目(费用)。

由于新型冠状病毒感染症的影响,经营状况明显恶化的情况下,是可以根据①的方法降低董事薪酬的。这种情况下,与董事薪酬相关的社会保险和个人所得税也会受连带关系影响,而减少的可能性很高。

但是,现实中也存在着是否符合业绩恶化改定理由的微妙关系。这种情况下,将要选择②,一部分董事薪酬作为未支付,之后汇总一起支付的方法。

不降低董事薪酬,一方面按正常金额支付。另一方面由于资金周转不好,账目上做未支付处理。这种情况下,法人税法上会怎么样呢?

税务调查中会有被否认的风险吗?

如果不是真的有情不得已资金周转恶化等情况,对董事薪酬做未支付处理的话,之后在税务调查中可能被否认(不能作为经费处理),这里一定要注意。

有对国税不服而提出申诉时,裁判所作出裁决的一个事例作为参考(平成元年6月7日)。这个事例中,董事薪酬一部分作为”未支付”记账,之后一起汇总支付的金额被判定为属于董事奖金,不能计入扣除项目(即不能作为经费处理)。

在这里的事例中,①没有达到不能全额支付董事薪酬的地步,②董事薪酬一部分作为未支付记账时,与员工的奖金发放时期基本相同,这是被判定为董事奖金的主要原因。也就是说,并不存在资金周转恶化等不得已的情况。

而且,新型冠状病毒感染症的影响会拖延,未支付状态也可以考虑为长期,但是作为董事未支付金是否被认定不计入扣除项目,与其未支付期间长短无关,而是要根据实际情况,是否真的存在资金周转恶化等不得已的情况来判断。

决定董事薪酬时未曾考虑到经济环境的变化,以及其变化影响到现实资金周转恶化,才不得已把董事薪酬的一部分先作为未支付记账,这一系列的相关资料是否有保存,将对税务调查的结果产生不同的影响。

但是,和①不同,与董事薪酬相关的社会保险和个人所得税不会减少的可能性很大,所以一定要注意。

在家办公,通勤乘车定期券不课税?

因新型冠状病毒感染的影响,而引入远程办公(在家工作)的企业,通勤定期券需要课税吗?

首先

感染人数有再次增加的倾向,在无法预计收尾的情况下,总结一下有关通勤定期券的课税问题。

即使员工不上下班在家办公,通勤补贴也不用课税吗?

临时性的在家办公,完全没有问题

给员工们支付的通勤补贴在一定的限额内是不征税的。实施临时的远程办公,员工即使不用通勤,也可以根据以下理由,做不课税处理是没有问题的。

  1. 员工们本来的工作地点是公司
  2. 员工在远程办公期间未必完全不通勤。

通勤补贴是否课税的判断,与实际通勤的事实无关。

但是,比如在3月末支付了通勤补贴(3个月或6个月的月票金额),而后就实施远程办公,并且其实施期间会长期化。那么以通勤为前提的通勤补贴不课税这一说法,还会不会继续适用,对此很多人表示担心。其实在通勤补贴是否课税的判断上,与员工有没有上下班的事实没有关系。而是重点在于跟上下班通勤用的运费相对比,是否支付了最经济且最合理的路线通勤费用。

即使远程办公的实施期间长期化,但考虑到员工可能会到公司上班的这一点,只要所支付的通勤补贴具有一定的合理性,基本上作为不课税处理是没有问题的。

目前尚不清楚新型冠状病毒感染的影响何时会结束。

因此,公司方面也一边考虑到员工感染风险,一边开始讨论远程办公的实施期间等。

在这样的状况下,之后的税务调查中,以员上下班次数少或这段期间过长等为理由,将通勤补贴作为课税对象被指出还是不太可能的。

远程办公被原则化时需要留意

但是,考虑到一些公司最近开始导入原则性远程办公,工作地点变成自己家,不需要通勤。

上述不需要通勤的情况下支付的通勤补贴如果不课税的话,就一定会被认为不合理的。

一般认为,对于本来公司的工作形式由通勤改为远程办公的情况下,通常会取消支付通勤补贴。 也会因此,员工每次出勤对交通费等做精算处理。 此外,如果要求员工退还远程办公期间定期卷费用,并且把退款金额替代成远程办公补贴等,这种情况不能说是通勤补贴,而要作为工资等课税对象来处理,一定要注意。

关于通勤定期券是否课税等详情咨询,欢迎随时联系本事务所。

资本金是无需返还的款项

对资产负债表右下角的“纯资产部”的理解有误的人很多。下面来对 “纯资产部” 正确了解一下吧!

首先

在“纯资产部”中,体现了公司收拢资金的两种方法。让我们来一起看看这两种方法吧。

资本金与公司的价值无关。

负债部下面的一个财务项目被称为“ 纯资产部”。纯资产部的其中一项是“资本金”,这是股东作为公司的启动资金投入公司的款项。对资本金的理解错误,似乎大有人在。

假设,股东突然急需现金,来公司“要求返还自己所投入的资本金”这种情况基本是不可能的。

所谓资本金是指公司发行股份,再由股东按股份作为公司启动金投资的款项。换句话说,股东所持有的是公司的股份。

即使一个股东将自己持有公司股份出售给另一股东,公司财政方面是不会发生任何变化的。那是因为从公司外部整体来看,由于股份的买卖而改变的只是公司的股东而已。

无论公司的股价上涨2倍还是3倍,资本金都不会改变。股价变为2倍只不过是股份的价值增长2倍而已。

公司收拢资金的方法有3种

大多数人除了对资产负债表中的资本金理解有误之外,其实还有一点。

会计入门的书上写到, “公司收拢资金的方法有,向他人借款和让投资人向公司投资两种。”

而实际上,公司收拢资金的方法有3种。

一种是向他人借款,另一种让投资人向公司投资,除了这两种方法之外,还有第三种方法就是“公司自己创造利润”。

也就是说,公司自己赚的“当期纯利润”会在资产负债表右下方所表示的“利润盈余金”上不断积累。

让我们一起再确认一下资产负债表吧。

向他人借款,找投资方投资,以及公司自己创造利润,通过这3种方法收拢的资金,在公司财务账目上以什么样的形式存在,就体现在资产负债表上。

顺便说一下,资产负债表右侧的总额常被称为“总资本”。是负债部分和净资产部分的汇总。另外,资产负债表左侧的总额常被称为“总资产”。是资产部的汇总。

总资本的金额和总资产的金额一直要相等。另外,纯资产部分也被称为“自我资本”,负债部分则被称为“他人资本”。

自我资本和他人资本加起来就是资产负债表右侧全体的总资本。哪怕作为一个词汇也要把它记住哦。

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