NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2021.05.07

对通过虚拟货币和网络交易所得收入的漏报要注意

因为去年虚拟货币再度高涨,所以有必要注意2020年的所得税漏报。考虑到信息泄露,国税厅对于经营交易所的经营者,强化了查询信息的权限。

首先

因为虚拟货币交易和网络交易等的漏报情况在增多,所以国税厅在收集信息上增加了力度。

加强权限的背景原因

随着智能手机和平板电脑这些终端设施的普及,不仅是经营者,消费者本身也可以轻松使用网络,结合工作方式的多样化,通过网络上的匹配平台提供个人拥有的可利用资产等的活动(所谓的共享经济)和虚拟货币交易等正在增加。

另外,例如,仅通过广告收入来运营,消费者可以免费使用诸如视频和音乐之类网络微软已经普及,致使被忽略的不进行适当申报的纳税人增多,这便成为国税厅加强权限的背景原因。通过网络拍卖,跳蚤市场应用程序等进行的转售交易,发放视频,虚拟货币交易,成功型支付费用的广告等,尽管获得大量利润,而未申报的事例可以说是随处可见。

从要求自愿合作到处罚

到目前为止,当税务局收集数据部门负责人想要从经营者等(例如虚拟货币交易所的经营者)那里获取信息时,要求自愿协助合作,仅在经营者等响应合作时,才能得到该信息。

根据这种方式,以入手的信息或公共信息为基准,对于有必要纳税的纳税人,督促其提交关于交易内容的相关资料,并要求自主性进行申报。

但是,从2020年1月开始,即使经营者等不响应合作请求,跟据,拒绝时处罚的对象“对特定经营者等申报的要求”可以获取交易者的信息。

对于被预见有大规模、恶性漏报等情况的纳税人,根据该制度和反面调查,以及向外国当局提供信息请求,可以预想得到要进行严格的税务调查。

实际进行调查的事例

关于虚拟货币交易相关盈利未申报的,通过虚拟货币交易所的公开信息,也可以收集关于情报信息。

即使使用的是海外交易所,也很有可能从国内的交易所进行汇款,向海外交易所汇款的信息也可泄露。

另外,在线拍卖由转卖网站购买的票,结算账户也以亲属名义,即使自己的名字不在表面出现,也会很明显的被捕获到相关信息。

国税厅投入了大量精力,收集通过网络进行交易的信息,国税厅的调查能力有了飞跃性的提高。

关于在虚拟货币和共享经济等新领域的收入申报方法,可以随时向本事务所咨询。

PDF附件发票的纸张保存将废除

如果不是邮寄而是以PDF附件的形式收到账单,并将账单打印纸张保存,从明年1月的交易开始就不被承认。在某种情况下,也有可能撤消青色申报。

首先

根据电子交易信息保存制度的修改,进行电子交易时,纸张打印保存将被废除,有义务保存电子数据。

请求书的PDF附件也属于“电子交易”

有关电子帐保存制度的2021年度税制改正中,电子交易信息保存制度的修改,实际上所有的经营者都会受到影响。

该制度不需要获得认可等,如果进行电子交易,将会自动被适用,但是由于作为代替措施的纸张打印保存将从明年1月的交易开始,原则上保存电子数据是一种义务。

电子交易被定义为“通过电磁方法接受交易信息的交易”,交易信息是指与交易有关的采购订单、合同、发货单,发票、估价单等或类似这些文件中,通常所记载的事项。

例如,下面的交易也包含在“电子交易”之中。

  1. 通过网络进行的交易
  2. 通过电子邮件收发接受交易信息的交易(包括使用附件)
  3. 通过互联网设立网站,通过该网站收发交易信息的交易

在新型冠状病毒期间,越来越多的企业将以前通过邮寄的方式发送和接受发票,改为通过电子邮件上附加PDF来发送和接受,这样的情况也符合上述2.,所以可以说想象得到进行“电子交易”企业的数量相当多。

目前,纸张打印保存的文件,代替电子数据保存还被认可,这也不难考虑到对电子交易制度本身的认识还不够的经营者,大有存在。

需要以可检索的形式来保存

2021年度税制改革中,将保存纸张打印文件的代替措施被废除。因此,2022年1月1日以后进行的电子交易的交易信息,原则上必须保存电子数据。而且,保存电子数据时,需要采取以下任意一种措施。

  1. 附有时间戳的收发数据
  2. 收发后约2个月内附上时间戳
  3. 使用纠正或删除时可以保留该记录的系统或无法纠正或删除的系统
  4.  备有关于防止纠正或删除的事务处理文书规定

除此之外还需要满足一定的要求,重要的是确保有检索功能(检索条件)。检索条件,在2021年度税制改革中虽然有所缓和,但是很多情况下都是需要对应。

通过电子邮件接收交易信息时,如果只是将交易信息的数据原封不动地保存在邮件软件中,通常是不能满足检索条件的,需要研究导入具有检索功能的文件管理系统等对应措施。

如果不能满足检索条件等,作为因没有按照法令的要求进行保存电子文档,而撤消青色申报的批准是很有可能的。

在新型冠状病毒FAQ里明确了补助金收益记账时期

国税厅于2月26日更新了“关于国税对新型冠状病毒感染症防止扩大的对应和申报,纳税等当前税务处理相关的FAQ”。

首先

在上一期之前已经传达了,被交付的补助金和利息补贴等的收益,有关记账时期等的处理做了明示。

部分补助金在经费发生时,作为收益记账。

2月26日更新追加的法人税的处理如下。

  1. 法人接受的补助金等收益记账时期的处理
  2. 关于新型冠状病毒感染症特别利息补贴制度的利息补贴金的收益记账时期
  3. 由民间金融机构的实质无利息、无担保的融资,而获得的保证金补助的收益记账时期的处理

因为补助金等,交付决定日就可确定应收入的权利,所以原则上要将补助金等记录为“交付决定日所属的事业年度”的收益。

但是,该补助金等是以填补经费为目的,根据法令的规定等来发放的。如果事先办理了领取该补助金所需的手续,则在“经费发生日所属的事业年度”中计入收益。

作为具体的例子,对关于雇佣调整补助金的收益计入时期有所明示。依据新型冠状病毒感染症的特例措施收到补助金的情况下,因为不需要事先提交休业等计划报告,所以收益记账时期为“交付决定日所属的事业年度”。

关于雇佣调整补助金,既有必须统一计入为经费发生日所属的事业年度的收益的说法,反之根据新型冠状病毒感染症的特例措施,按领取的情况可以在交付决定日所属的事业年度计入收益的这种说法也很明确。

利息补贴对应期间计入为收益

根据新型冠状病毒特别利息补贴制度的“利息补贴”的收益记账时期也有所明示。

这个制度是,与融资相关的最长3年的支付利息相当额,将作为利息补贴额提前一次性交付。即使一次性接受了利息补贴额的交付,在交付决定日那一时间点上,还不能确定其全部收益。要随着利息的支付,按照与所支付的利息金额相当的补贴额作为收益记账。

信用保证金的补助需要计入资产

利用新型冠状病毒紧急经济对策“民间金融机构的实质无利息、无担保融资制度”时,对信用保证费相关的税务处理做了明示。

该制度是,原本企事业者要向信用保证协会支付的保证金,现国家将对其全额或半额做出补助的一种减免政策。

如果获得全额补助,则无需采取任何特殊记账处理,但是获得一半补助的话,要把已支付的保证金(一半金额)作为“预付保证款”等资产来记账,随着保证期间的到来,再将其由资产转为贷方作为“支付保证费”来记录,这些都由明确指示。

关于新型冠状病毒感染症的补助金和利息补贴的会计处理相关咨询,欢迎随时来本事务所咨询。

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  • Russell Bedford
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