NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2024.05.28

从4月起,餐饮费上限为1万日元

首先

自平成18年修正案规定餐饮费标准为5000日元以来,时隔18年首次进行改正。从招待费等中扣除餐饮费的金额标准将提高到"每人低于1万日元(修正前为5,000日元)"。

拉高的意义

每人从5,000日元增加到1万日元对企业具有重大影响。预计这将加深客户和供应商的关系,并增加创造新的商机。

换句话说,该修正案具有减轻企业的税负担,具有提高经营管理效率的意义。该修正案支持冠状病毒时代企业的经济活动,并帮助扩大商机。

令和6年度改正内容

在令和6年税制改革中,对招待费做了如下修改。

  1. 排除在交际费等范围内的饮食费金额标准提高到每人1万日元以下
  2. 适用50%招待费特例和中小企业固定扣除限额(年800万日元)的期限延长了3年,至令和9年3月末。

中小型企业的定额扣除限额的特列是指,资本金为1亿日元或以下的法人所支出的招待费等,如果低于固定扣除限额(每年800万日元),则可以计入可扣除费用。

修改的适用时间

从招待费等范围中排除每人1万日元以下的餐饮费的修改,适用于令和6年4月1日以后发生的餐饮费支出。

对于之前发生的餐饮费用,根据每人是否为5,000日元或以下根据否可以扣除来判断。

适用范围不是以公司的财政年度为基础。它适用于令和6年4月1日以后发生的餐饮费用。换句话说,它适用于餐饮费的支出日期为基础。

因此,即使公司的年末是12月等,也无需等到下一个财政年度。所谓的10,000日元标准可适用于令和6年4月1日以后发生的餐饮支出,也就是在本财政年度的中途可适用。

信用卡的付款处理

在餐饮费1万日元标准中,"支付餐饮费"的定义是"餐饮等行为发生时",即视为餐饮费事实的发生。

因此,即使在令和6年3月用信用卡支付的用于招待客户的餐饮费在4月进行了扣除,由于"饮食等行为发生的时间"是在3月,因此扣除额将根据修订前的5,000日元标准而不是1万日元标准确定。

餐饮费超过1万日元的情况

如果1个人的餐饮费超过1万日元,则不能将此凭证的1万日元不到的部分分开作为排除在招待费等范围的餐饮费扣除。请注意,不只是将超过1万日元的部分排除在招待费以外,且全部金额都属于招待费等。

经营安全共济税制改正

首先

您知道关于经营安全共济(防止破产共济)的税制修改吗。为了节税而经常使用的经营安全共济也将进行税改。

经营安全共济

经营安全共济是在商业伙伴破产时,保护中小企业免受连锁破产和管理困难的互助制度。很多人可能都听说过破产预防互助,简称“防破产”。

其特点是,在事业伙伴破产、难以收回应收账款等情况下,无需抵押、无需保证人,最多可以借到所欠金额的10倍(最高8000万日元)。

每月保险费从5千日元到20万日元不等,可以5千日元为增量自由选择。加入后可以增加或减少保险费,也可以提前支付全年的保险费。还可以累积保险费,直至保险费总额达到800万日元。

原本的活用方法

根据加入后的运用,可以期待节税效果。因为保险费可以全额计入可扣除费用,所以在盈利的年度预付1年的保险费,可以减轻税负。

不过,将保险费列入可扣除费用是基于该制度的初衷,即防止连锁反应式破产。

修改的经过

之所以要进行修订,是因为这些资金被用于节税,而不是其预期目的。经营安全共济的保险金可以全额计入为损失金。

在解约的情况下,可以获得一笔解约补贴,但大约有三分之一的解约是在解约补贴返还率达到100%的情况下进行的,而且有相当多的情况是公司在解约后重新加入。

也就是说,可以想象,把保险金全额作为损失金,得到节税、解约津贴100%(这个时候可以认为是利用了别的损失金),然后在解约后马上再加入,可以想象用全额作为扣除额来节税。

这只不过是推迟纳税而已,但这种行为显然不符合该“防止连锁反应式破产”制度的初衷,即。

修改的内容

关于经营安全共济的令和6年度税制修改的内容如下。

  • 自解约之日起2年内支付的保险费不得扣除
  • 适用于令和6年10月1日以后的解约。

显然,是想彻底压制上述之类的节税。

如果到9月为止解约津贴的返还率超过100%的,可以考虑解约并重新加入一次,但也有观点认为,税收损失或收益不应作为管理决策的依据。

已经加入经营安全共济的成员有必要根据这些信息慎重判断。

从重新计划到偿还正常化

首先

一旦还款正常化在望,有哪些细节需要考虑?

考虑更换融资

与银行重新安排还款期后,努力改善业务,以期恢复还款。如果您能从业务中赚取足够的现金来偿还贷款,就可以考虑恢复还款。

如果银行能够恢复到重订还款期前的原还款额,就实现了正常化。企业产生的现金额称为现金流,银行使用以下简单公式计算。
现金流=净收入+折旧

但是,如果原来的还款额很大,即使利润开始上升,现金流实际上也很难足以回到原来的还款额。

这时就需要用还款期较长的贷款进行再融资,使还款正常化。

再融资的具体例子

例如:重新安排偿还期限前的未偿贷款余额为1.2亿日元、每月还款350万日元。


假设重新安排还款期后,该公司努力改善经营管理,现在每月从其业务中赚取130万日元现金。

但是,每月130万日元的现金流无法偿还原定每月350万日元的还款额。因此,该公司对1.2亿日元贷款进行了再融资,将其变为10年期贷款,还款期为10年。

如果还款期为10年,则每年的还款额为1.2亿日元÷10年=1200万日元,即每月还款100万日元。

虽然企业每月赚取130万日元现金,但可能无法每月偿还350万日元,但可以每月偿还100万日元。

但是,要通过再融资使还款正常化,需要接受银行的评估。特别是,银行会考察在再融资后能否顺利偿还贷款。

再融资由各相关银行完成

如果想通过再融资使还款正常化,如果有多家银行的贷款,则应向各家相关银行进行再融资。

在某些情况下,主要银行或新银行可能会说,他们将与我们一起进行再融资和承保所有贷款,但如果可以在各家相关银行进行再融资,最好还是这样做,以保持将来可以从多家银行获得贷款的能力。

再融资时的注意事项

通过再融资获得贷款的标准还款期为:自有贷款10年,担保贷款15年。

不过,银行往往对还款期较长的贷款避而远之,可能会要求缩短还款期。但是,较短的还款期会导致每月还款额增加,从而增加管理现金流的难度。

就需要与银行协商延长还款期,同时评估贵公司的还款能力。根据银行的评估结果,可以通过增加再融资额度来使还款正常化。

在还款正常化约六个月后,也可以获得新贷款。

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