NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2024.07.29

转职员工的定额减税对象

首先

终于有关定额减税,6月1日“基准日在籍者”有资格享受每月减税管理。如果有转职的员工,根据离职日和中途入职日是否跨越6月1日,其对应会有所不同。

【基准日在职者】
令和6年6月1日在籍的工资支付者员工中,工资等的预扣适用预扣税额表甲栏的员工

6月1日在籍工作人员,可享受每月减税管理

工资负责人为员工办理两种固定金额减税:一种是月度减税,即在令和6年6月1日后首次发放工资等时从预扣税款中扣除;另一种是年度减税,即在年终调整时从年度所得税额中扣除并结算。

这适用于令和6年6月1日仍在工作并已提抚养扣除等申报书的员工(甲栏适用者)。

因此,令和6年6月1日未工作的人和乙栏、丙栏适用者不属于这一类别。

另一方面,在2024年年终调整时提交了抚养扣除等申报书的员工,有资格在年末调整时享受减税。工资收入超过2000万日元且不属于年终调整对象的员工则不符合条件。

例如,工资收入超过2000万日元的甲栏适用者(令和6年6月1日在籍),则可通过每月减税管理获得3万日元的定额减税。但是,因为不进行年末调整,所以在确定申报时结算适用的定额减税部分。

任何公司都有不属于每月减税事务对象的人

当员工或其他人员跳槽时,无论是员工跳槽后离开的公司,还是员工跳槽后中途加入的公司,都会对如何办理每月减税手续而担忧。

如前所述,每月减税手续只适用于"基准日在籍者",因此必须准确确定员工的退休日或中途跳槽日,以确定该员工是否为基准日在籍者。

例:员工X于令和6年5月25日从A公司辞职,6月10日中途进入B公司时
员工X在5月31日之前从A公司离职,因此不属于A公司的“基准日在籍者”。因此,A公司不会对X进行每月减税事务。

另一方面,X在B公司6月2日以后进入公司,所以B公司也不属于“基准日在籍者”。因此,即使B公司的工资在6月25日支付,也不会对X进行每月减税事务。


这意味着X在A公司或B公司都没有资格享受每月减税管理。这样的情况确实存在。

但是,B公司年末调整时将办理年度减税手续,因此此时会实施定额减税。所以X并不是完全从定额减税的对象中漏掉的。

公布了有关个体户的定额减税制度

首先

定额减税不仅适用于工资收入者。

它也适用于个体经营者。让我们来看看个体经营者的定额减税和其他优惠。

从预计纳税额中扣除

令和6年所得税的定额减税,纳税人及其同一生计配偶以及抚养亲属1人扣除3万日元。营业收入者、不动产收入者等的定额减税实施方法取决于其是否成为预定纳税的对象而不同。

原本,预定纳税是指预定纳税基准额15万日元以上的人,将预定纳税基准额的3分之1的金额分为第1期和第2期每年2次纳税。

令和6年的预定纳税基准额,因为没有定额减税额的计算,所以原则上与令和5年的申报纳税额相同。

预定纳税基准额在15万日元以上,由于是预定纳税的对象,所以本人的减税额(3万日元)将从第1期的预定纳税额中扣除。6月以后由管辖税务署长通知的第1期的预定纳税额,已经是扣除了本人减税额的金额。

对于同一生计配偶和抚养亲属部分的定额减税,不从预定纳税额中扣除。在确定申报时接受扣除。

对于预定纳税基准额不到15万日元而不属于预定纳税对象的个体经营者,根据确定申报扣除定额减税额。

可以申请减额,也可以扣除同一生计配偶等

关于预定纳税对象的同一生计配偶部分和抚养亲属部分的减税额,如果申请预定纳税额的减额,可以从预定纳税额中扣除。但是,关于预定纳税额的减额申请,并不是所有人都可以进行。

如果6月30日的现状预估总收入金额低于1805万日元,不仅是本人,同一生计配偶和抚养亲属也可以从预定纳税额中扣除。

预定纳税额的缴纳期限也延期

定额减税实施后,第1期预定纳税的缴纳期限一般是7月31日为止,根据特例到9月30日为止,申请减税审批截止日期一般为7月15日,根据特例截止日期将延长至7月31日。

【关于预定纳税的缴纳期限】

到期日 第1阶段 令和6年7月1日起到同年9月30日为止
第2阶段 令和6年11月1日起到同年12月2日为止

参考:令和6年所得税定额减税Q&A(概要・源泉所得税关系【令和6年5月修订版】https://www.nta.go.jp/publication/pamph/gensen/0024001-021.pdf

被继承人借钱给家族企业的情况

首先

家族企业经常会从董事那里获得贷款。这些贷款可以在资产负债表中列为董事贷款,也可以列入短期或长期贷款。

贷款需缴纳继承税

在家族企业中,总裁和亲属借钱给公司的情况很常见。家族成员借钱的常见原因是公司现金流困难。

如果公司业绩首先没有改善,这种贷款余额可能会增加,但不会减少。如果在继承时仍有这些贷款,贷款就会成为继承财产,需要缴纳继承税。

例如,社长向其公司贷款1亿日元,但现金流没有改善,这1亿日元仍未偿还。

因此,有人认为贷款的实际价值低于1亿日元。然而,在许多情况下,继承税评估的贷款价值被认为是"贷款本身的余额(面值1亿日元)"。

东京地方法院的判决是什么?

东京地方法院在令和6年3月26日的判决中裁定,被继承人向一家家族公司贷款约5亿日元。

纳税人主张估价约为2.6亿日元。

截至继承开始之日,该家族公司负债1亿日元,其销售额和利润呈下降趋势,经营状况每况愈下。

然而,即使在这种情况下,东京地方法院也没有受理纳税人的诉讼请求,而是受理了国家的诉讼请求,结果纳税人败诉。

东京地方法院称,其原因是「纳税人有能力支付董事的薪酬」,而且「纳税人从金融机构获得了新的贷款并有能力偿还」。

因此,在大多数关于家族企业贷款评估价值的争议中,纳税人的主张都没有得到支持。

【缺点的总结】
<继承税的课税对象>
贷款成为继承财产,按面值评估,可能导致继承税负担加重。

<评估价值纠纷>
即使贷款的实际价值较低,也往往按面值评估,纳税人的要求难以得到承认。


中小型企业常常被家庭成员借钱。

如果公司在这种情况下被继承,即使公司不会偿还贷款,也要按贷款的面值征收继承税。

如果家族公司有大量贷款,必须尽快采取行动,考虑资本重组措施或其他财务战略。

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  • Russell Bedford
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