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2024.10.28

整理一下交际费一万日元的标准

首先

以前,每人5,000日元以下的饮食费可从交际费中排除。但是,从令和6年4月开始,该金额已降至每人1万日元以下。这个修改是以物价上升和对饮食业界的支援为目的的,所以再整理一下吧。

1万日元规则的概要

提供简单的餐饮对于促进与客户和其他各方的商务谈判和会议是必不可少的。

人均5,000日元的损益计算上限额提高到1万日元的理由是,为了应对令和2的新冠灾害和令和5年的各种物价上涨和为餐馆提供支持。

此规则的要求与5,000日元规则要求相同。保留了国税厅Q&A,仅替换了金额。主要要求如下。

  1. 仅限于本公司员工对顾客等进行饮食接待的情况。但是,高尔夫、旅行招待等的饮食费及饮食券的交付、饮食费代替不是饮食招待。
  2. 餐饮费(向餐饮店等支付的总金额)除以参加者的金额在1万日元以下时为限。超过1万日元的话,全额都是交际费等。
  3. 餐饮费还包括顾客等的活动中提供便当的费用、本公司主办或同行团体等的饮食联欢会派对费用。
  4. 不适用于公司内饮食。
  5. 需要保存证明每人1万日元以下的记录文件(记载饮食年月日、顾客出席者全员的姓名、参加人数、饮食店名、饮食费等)。
  6. 如果上述5个文件中有记载不完备等,原则上全额为交际费等。

具体事例

例如,4名客户和2名本公司员工聚餐时,如果总额在6万日元以下,则该餐饮费将从交际费等中排除。但是,总额超过6万日元的话,全额作为交际费等被处理。另外,公司内的忘年会和新年会等的饮食费,无论金额如何都不属于这个制度的对象。

税务调查的正式化

旧5,000日元规则和新1万日元规则的节税效果很大,所以很多法人都在使用。但是,这个特例是以“形式基准”允许从交际费等中排除的。

需要记载和顾客的饮食、对方全体人员的姓名、参加人数等。另外,公司内饮食不适用。国税厅事先警告,“分割记载一种饮食等”、“伪造对方记载”、“参加者人数的虚报”等,作为事实的隐瞒和化装成为重加税的对象。

有报道称,对旧5,000日元规则的税务调查在全国范围内进行,受到了指责。令和6年4月1日以后的支出中,5,000日元增加到1万日元,损益计算限额倍增,因此预计将强化税务调查。

<参考:交際費等の損金不算入制度の見直し>

https://www.nta.go.jp/publication/pamph/hojin/kaisei_gaiyo2024/pdf/J.pdf

关于公司住宅房的决定方法

首先

以法人名义出租“董事公司住房”,是为董事提供住房的一个非常有利的机制,如果操作得当,可以避免工资税。

但是,在确定租金时必须谨慎。如果金额设置不当,可能会出现意外的工资税。

如果收到了通知中规定的相当于租金的金额,则无需缴纳工资税。

以低于正常租金的价格(公司房屋租金等值与实际收取租金之间的差额)向董事出租公司房屋所产生的经济利益,,成为该董事的工资课税的对象。

另一方面,如果从董事那里征收月额的“通常的租金额”的话,因为没有经济利益,所以不属于工资课税的对象。

“正常租金"是根据公司出租房屋的建筑面积计算的,计算公式如下

【租赁公司住宅及小规模住宅以外的情况】
以下任意多的金额

  • 相当于企业支付租金的50%
  • (当年房屋固定资产税课税标准额×12%[木造情况]+当年用地固定资产税课税标准额×6%)×1/12

如上所述,相当于租金的金额是以房屋、用地(土地)的固定资产税的课税标准额为基础计算的。另外,固定资产税的课税标准额是指“作为征收日期(1月1日)的固定资产的价格登记在固定资产课税台帐中的金额”。

哪个金额??

这里需要注意的是土地固定资产税的课税标准额的处理。住宅用地有减轻税负的特例,固定资产课税台帐上同时记载了“基准年度的价格”和“住宅用地特例适用后的价格”。董事住宅的租金计算使用“住宅用地特例适用后的价格”。这是根据实际税负计算的想法。

另外,对于过于豪华的公司住宅和不被认可为一般住宅的东西,不能使用这个计算方法。在这种情况下,有必要参考市场价格和周边类似房屋的租金,设定适当的金额。

董事住宅的活用和注意点

董事公司住宅是对企业和董事双方都有好处的制度。对于企业来说,确保优秀人才和稳定董事居住,对董事来说可能会减轻居住费负担。

为了恰当地运用这个制度,请注意以下几点。

  • 合理的租金设置:准确计算并适当设置“正常租金额度”。
  • 记录保管:妥善保管租金计算依据和支付记录,以备税务调查。
  • 定期复核:根据固定资产税课税标准额的变动,复核“正常租金额”。
  • 豪华公司住宅的对应:豪华公司住宅的情况下,调查市场价格,设定适当的租金。

如果客人回去了呢?

首先

上个月号介绍了客人进店的时候出现了一只与众不同的宠物,客人在点菜之前就回去的事例。那个时候,即使乍一看没有损失,实际上也会发生500日元的机会损失。这次,我们来考虑一下制作荞麦面后宠物出来的情况吧。

做了荞麦面之后宠物登场

舞台是每月平均制作2,000杯荞麦面的荞麦面店。销售价格是一杯800日元,月薪30万日元的店长,雇佣一名月薪10万日元的员工。材料费一杯300日元,除此之外店铺房租等固定经费每月花费30万日元。每杯荞麦面的利益如下。

・售价800日元・材料费300日元
人工费(30万日元+10万日元)÷2,000张=200日元
固定经费30万日元÷2,000杯=150日元
800(售)-300(材)-200(人)-150(固)=150日元(利润)


有一天,客人进店点了荞麦面。做了荞麦面,给客人提供荞麦面的地方养的与众不同的宠物从里面出来,吓了一跳的客人没有支付费用就回去了。做的荞麦面伸长了,只能扔掉。这家荞麦面店因为换了的宠物损失了多少钱?

根据时机的不同损失也会扩大

和上个月号的例子不同的地方是,宠物出来的时机是做荞麦面之后。在上个月号的例子中,客人进店后没有点菜就回去了。

点餐前宠物出来的话,因为没有做荞麦面,所以材料费是零。但是,这次的情况下,因为做了荞麦面,所以会产生300日元的材料费。人工费和固定费没有变化,所以总共损失了800日元。比起做荞麦面之前客人回来的情况,材料费的损失会更大。

宠物出来 宠物没出来 差额
销售 0日元 +800日元 △800日元
材料费 △300日元 △300日元 0日元
人工费 △40万日元/月 △40万日元/月 0日元
固定费用 △30万日元/月 △30万日元/月 0日元
1名客户返回时的损失 △800日元

坏事越晚发生损失越大

和上次不同的是宠物出来的时机。如果说“宠物出来了”对店里来说是“坏事”的话,那就是“坏事越晚发生损失越大”。我觉得这是一个直觉也能接受的故事。

例如,试着把“不好的事情”作为“制造业中不良品的发生”吧。不良品在初期的工序中发生的情况和在即将完成的工序中发生的情况,哪一个损失更大呢。不用说,在即将完成的工序中发生的情况。工厂不仅在最终工序进行检查,在中途工序中也设置了几处,这是因为这样的理由。

在商务中认识到问题的早期发现·早期应对的重要性,实践的事,可以说与长期的成功和稳定相连吧。

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