NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2024.12.26

“103万日元的关卡”的上调成为话题

首先

长期以来形成的“103万日元关卡”可能会提高。如果“103万日元关卡”提高的话,工薪阶层的实得工资将增加,这一点备受关注。

什么是“103万日元的关卡”

根据日本的《所得税法》,如果年收入低于103万日元,则免征所得税。

该制度允许配偶和子女将其兼职收入限制在103万日元以内,其中55万日元可作为工作收入扣除,48万日元作为基本免税额,这样,收入总额不超过103万日元的部分就可以免税,从而减轻家庭税负。

具体来说,如果收入低于103万日元,配偶可享受配偶扣除,这使受抚养的家庭成员(通常是丈夫)的应纳税收入得以减少。

换句话说,所得税和受抚养人免税规定可能会增加整个家庭的税收负担,因此,努力将兼职或兼职收入控制在103万日元以内的现象被称为“年收入103万日元关卡”。

超过103万日元时的影响

超过103万日元,配偶就不再享有配偶扣除。不过,税负并没有大幅增加。

首先,关于配偶本人的所得税,只对超过103万日元的部分金额征税。虽说超过了103万日元,但并不是对其工资全额课税,所以不会大幅减少收入。

其次,关于抚养其配偶的家庭(多数是丈夫)的所得税和居民税,即使超过了103万日元,也不能马上扣除。超过103万日元的话就不适用配偶扣除,但是可以享受配偶特别扣除。

但是,对于子女等抚养亲属没有此类规定。需要注意的是,如果子女的兼职工作超过103万日元,抚养子女的家庭成员(通常是父亲)将承担沉重的所得税和住民税负担。

【配偶特别扣除】
不同之处在于,配偶扣除适用于配偶收入较低的情况(每年不超过48万日元),而配偶特别扣除则适用于配偶收入在一定范围内的情况(每年超过48万日元但不超过133万日元)。
*扣除额根据配偶的收入分阶段确定。

对工作单位的津贴也有影响

根据《所得税法》,如果配偶的年收入超过103万日元,也可以使用配偶特别扣除的情况,收入不会大幅减少。

但是,工作单位支付的配偶津贴和抚养津贴,这些支付条件可能设定为年收入103万日元。在这种情况下,配偶的年收入超过103万日元,有可能不能领取津贴,所以需要事先确认。

本文将对所得税的“103万日元关卡”进行说明。社会保险方面还有“106万日元关卡”和“130万日元关卡”等各种障碍。虽然很难完全理解,但如果您的家庭受到这些障碍的影响,正确理解是必要的。

社会保险方面的年收入的关卡

首先

除了《所得税法》规定的障碍外,社会保险也存在障碍。关于这边的障碍最近也进行了修改,今后的方向性也变得明确了,所以请确认一下吧。

关于“130万日元关卡”

所谓“130万日元关卡”主要是配偶在兼职和打工时,年收入超过130万日元,就会脱离配偶在社会保险上的抚养,配偶自己必须负担社会保险费的收入分界线。

一旦超过这一关卡,配偶就必须自己承担医疗保险和养老保险费,这就减少了实得收入。这就是所谓的“130万日元关卡”。

新建成的“106万日元关卡”

平成28年10月新增了“106万日元关卡”。其目的是针对少子化、人口老龄化、工作方式多样化等问题,加强短时间劳动者的社会保障。

短时间劳动者(打工或兼职)也适用社会保险加入义务,平成28年10月当时的加入条件如下。

  • 每周工作20小时以上
  • 月收入8万8,000日元以上(相当于年收入106万日元以上)
  • 预计雇用期限为1年以上
  • 员工数501人以上的企业
  • 不是学生

符合这些条件的短时间劳动者脱离以往的抚养,而产生了加入社会保险的义务。

扩大“106万日元关卡”

平成28年10月,“106万日元关卡”仅适用于员工人数达到或超过501人的大型企业的员工,根据法律修改,适用范围有所扩大。自令和4年10月起,上述要求中的“员工数101人以上的企业”变为“员工数101人以上的企业”。此外,“预计雇佣期间为1年以上”被修改为“预计雇佣期间超过2个月”。

从今年10月起,范围扩大到“员工数51人以上的企业”。并且,“年收入106万日元关卡”的废止也被讨论。

今后的方向是,所有每周工作20小时以上的非学生打工和兼职,都可能被纳入社会保险范围。这可比“年收入103万日元关卡”对实得收入产生更大的影响。如果从工资中扣除社会保险费,那些没有参加社会保险、每周工作时间少于30小时的钟点工每年的实得收入可能会减少10万日元以上。

扩大兼职人员社会保险覆盖面的预期影响

政府方面说明,将社会保险覆盖面扩大到兼职人员,是为了增加未来的养老金待遇,但这与提高劳动适龄人口实得收入的方向相悖,估计会遭到国民反对。对中小企业来说,对每周工作20小时以上的兼职者适用社会保险也将是一个沉重的经济负担。

好不容易所得税的“103万日元关卡”被提高,增加了实得收入,社会保险的障碍也可能导致实得收入的减少。今后的讨论引人注目。

对降价委托的决策

首先

如果毛利为负的话,怎么处理呢?完全不做,根据金额而定等有各种各样的政策。这次,只从利益方面考虑一下吧。

即使低于原价也应该接受订货吗

某制造公司按订单生产并销售A产品。A产品的单位成本为20,000日元,其明细如下。

[产品A的成本]

  • 直接材料费14,000日元
  • 直接劳务费4,000日元
  • 制造间接费2,000日元
  • 合计20,000日元

直接材料费是用于制造产品A的材料的费用,直接劳务费是直接参与制造的正式员工的人工费,制造间接费都是固定费。假设这家公司以25,000日元的价格销售这个产品A。

现在,新来的顾客想订购产品A。但是,他问能否以每件18,000日元的价格卖给他,因为每件25,000日元的价格无利可图。

应该接受这位顾客的订单吗?公司有足够的生产能力,可以在现有生产能力范围内处理该顾客的订单。

如果以18,000日元的价格出售,产品价格将低于成本,是否应该不出售产品?还是即使毛利率为负,公司也应该出售?

接受订单更有利可图

如果接订单,则销售额为18,000。但是,如果没有接订单,则没有任何销售额。成本如何?如果接订单,直接材料费为14,000日元,但如果没有接订单,直接材料费为零。直接人工和直接间接费用是不随订单的有无而变化的埋没成本。

接订单 不接订单 差额
销售额 18,000日元 0日元 18,000日元
直接材料费 14,000日元 0日元 14,000日元
直接劳务费 4,000日元 4,000日元 0日元
製造間接費 2,000日元 2,000日元 0日元
差额合计 4,000日元

如表所示,如果接订单,利润将增加4,000日元。这4,000日元的计算方法是从销售额中仅减去直接材料的可变成本。这一利润称为边际利润,其计算公式如下

销售额-变动费=边际利润


边际利润是一个很难理解的术语,但这个术语的细微差别可以很容易地理解为“可变利润或额外利润”。所谓“可变”,是指“与销售额的变化成正比”。

然而,虽然降价接单可以带来利润,但也必须考虑对品牌形象的影响。必须注意不要陷入单纯的价格战,因为接受折扣有可能被客户视为“廉价产品”,从而损害长期的品牌价值。

pagetop
  • Russell Bedford
  • 私隐权
  • 私隐权

    locate a single person, or to identify an individual in context. Please read our privacy policy carefully to get a clear understanding of how we collect, use, protect or otherwise handle your Personally Identifiable Information in accordance with our website.

    What personal information do we collect from the people that visit our blog, website or app?

    When ordering or registering on our site, as appropriate, you may be asked to enter your name, email address, Address or other details to help you with your experience.

    When do we collect information?

    We collect information from you when you fill out a form or enter information on our site.

    How do we use your information?

    We may use the information we collect from you when you register, make a purchase, sign up for our newsletter, respond to a survey or marketing communication, surf the website, or use certain other site features in the following ways:

    • To follow up with them after correspondence (live chat, email or phone inquiries)

    How do we protect your information?

    We do not use vulnerability scanning and/or scanning to PCI standards.
    We only provide articles and information. We never ask for credit card numbers.
    We do not use Malware Scanning.

    We do not use an SSL certificate
    • We only provide articles and information. We never ask for personal or private information like names, email addresses, or credit card numbers.

    Do we use 'cookies'?

    Yes. Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computer's hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow) that enables the site's or service provider's systems to recognize your browser and capture and remember certain information. For instance, we use cookies to help us remember and process the items in your shopping cart. They are also used to help us understand your preferences based on previous or current site activity, which enables us to provide you with improved services. We also use cookies to help us compile aggregate data about site traffic and site interaction so that we can offer better site experiences and tools in the future.

    We use cookies to:
    • Keep track of advertisements.
    • Compile aggregate data about site traffic and site interactions in order to offer better site experiences and tools in the future. We may also use trusted third-party services that track this information on our behalf.

    You can choose to have your computer warn you each time a cookie is being sent, or you can choose to turn off all cookies. You do this through your browser settings. Since browser is a little different, look at your browser's Help Menu to learn the correct way to modify your cookies.

    If you turn cookies off, some features will be disabled. It won't affect the user's experience that make your site experience more efficient and may not function properly.
    However, you will still be able to place orders.

    Third-party disclosure

    We do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties your Personally Identifiable Information unless we provide users with advance notice. This does not include website hosting partners and other parties who assist us in operating our website, conducting our business, or serving our users, so long as those parties agree to keep this information confidential. We may also release information when it's release is appropriate to comply with the law, enforce our site policies, or protect ours or others' rights, property or safety.

    However, non-personally identifiable visitor information may be provided to other parties for marketing, advertising, or other uses.

    Third-party links

    Occasionally, at our discretion, we may include or offer third-party products or services on our website. These third-party sites have separate and independent privacy policies. We therefore have no responsibility or liability for the content and activities of these linked sites. Nonetheless, we seek to protect the integrity of our site and welcome any feedback about these sites.

    Google

    Google's advertising requirements can be summed up by Google's Advertising Principles. They are put in place to provide a positive experience for users. https://support.google.com/adwordspolicy/answer/1316548?hl=en

    We use Google AdSense Advertising on our website.

    Google, as a third-party vendor, uses cookies to serve ads on our site. Google's use of the DART cookie enables it to serve ads to our users based on previous visits to our site and other sites on the Internet. Users may opt-out of the use of the DART cookie by visiting the Google Ad and Content Network privacy policy.

    We have implemented the following:
    • Remarketing with Google AdSense

    We, along with third-party vendors such as Google use first-party cookies (such as the Google Analytics cookies) and third-party cookies (such as the DoubleClick cookie) or other third-party identifiers together to compile data regarding user interactions with ad impressions and other ad service functions as they relate to our website.

    Opting out:

    Users can set preferences for how Google advertises to you using the Google Ad Settings page. Alternatively, you can opt out by visiting the Network Advertising Initiative Opt Out page or by using the Google Analytics Opt Out Browser add on.

    California Online Privacy Protection Act

    CalOPPA is the first state law in the nation to require commercial websites and online services to post a privacy policy. The law's reach stretches well beyond California to require any person or company in the United States (and conceivably the world) that operates websites collecting Personally Identifiable Information from California consumers to post a conspicuous privacy policy on its website stating exactly the information being collected and those individuals or companies with whom it is being shared. - See more at: http://consumercal.org/california-online-privacy-protection-act-caloppa/#sthash.0FdRbT51.dpuf

    According to CalOPPA, we agree to the following:
    Users can visit our site anonymously.
    Once this privacy policy is created, we will add a link to it on our home page or as a minimum, on the first significant page after entering our website.
    Our Privacy Policy link includes the word 'Privacy' and can be easily be found on the page specified above.

    You will be notified of any Privacy Policy changes:
    • On our Privacy Policy Page
    Can change your personal information:
    • By emailing us

    How does our site handle Do Not Track signals?

    We honor Do Not Track signals and Do Not Track, plant cookies, or use advertising when a Do Not Track (DNT) browser mechanism is in place.

    Does our site allow third-party behavioral tracking?

    It's also important to note that we allow third-party behavioral tracking

    COPPA (Children Online Privacy Protection Act)

    When it comes to the collection of personal information from children under the age of 13 years old, the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) puts parents in control. The Federal Trade Commission, United States' consumer protection agency, enforces the COPPA Rule, which spells out what operators of websites and online services must do to protect children's privacy and safety online.

    We do not specifically market to children under the age of 13 years old.

    Fair Information Practices

    The Fair Information Practices Principles form the backbone of privacy law in the United States and the concepts they include have played a significant role in the development of data protection laws around the globe. Understanding the Fair Information Practice Principles and how they should be implemented is critical to comply with the various privacy laws that protect personal information.

    In order to be in line with Fair Information Practices we will take the following responsive action, should a data breach occur:
    We will notify the users via in-site notification
    • Within 7 business days

    We also agree to the Individual Redress Principle which requires that individuals have the right to legally pursue enforceable rights against data collectors and processors who fail to adhere to the law. This principle requires not only that individuals have enforceable rights against data users, but also that individuals have recourse to courts or government agencies to investigate and/or prosecute non-compliance by data processors.

    CAN SPAM Act

    The CAN-SPAM Act is a law that sets the rules for commercial email, establishes requirements for commercial messages, gives recipients the right to have emails stopped from being sent to them, and spells out tough penalties for violations.

    We collect your email address in order to:
    • Send information, respond to inquiries, and/or other requests or questions

    To be in accordance with CANSPAM, we agree to the following:
    • Not use false or misleading subjects or email addresses.
    • Identify the message as an advertisement in some reasonable way.
    • Include the physical address of our business or site headquarters.
    • Monitor third-party email marketing services for compliance, if one is used.
    • Honor opt-out/unsubscribe requests quickly.
    • Allow users to unsubscribe by using the link at the bottom of each email.

    If at any time you would like to unsubscribe from receiving future emails, you can email us at
    info★shin-sei.jp (replace ★ with at-mark) and we will promptly remove you from ALL correspondence.

    Contacting Us

Copyright© SHINSEI INTERNATIONAL TAX CO. All Rights Reserved.