NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2025.01.28

对非上市股份评估值要点

首先

会计检查院指出,用于遗产税和赠与税的“无市价股份”(非上市股份)的估价方法在公平性和反映实际情况方面可能存在问题。由于非上市股份没有交易市场,难以客观评估股价,因此采用了一些以估值通知书为基础的估值方法。然而,由于社会经济条件的变化和公司实际情况的多样化,有些情况下并不总是采用现行方法进行公平估值。

原则性评价方式的问题点和背景

非上市股份的估值方法主要分为两种:原则估值法和特例估值法。原则估值法有以下两种

可比行业法:这种方法根据类似行业上市公司的股价、发行公司的利润水平、股息数额和净资产数额等指标计算估值。

净资产值法:根据有关公司的净资产(总资产减去负债)进行估值的方法。


根据会计检查院的研究证实,发行公司规模越大,相对于公司规模计算出的估值往往越低。会计检查院指出,这是由于行业可比价值的计算方法和估值准则的修改可能没有充分反映发行公司的实际情况。

特殊估值方法与回报率之间的历史差异。

另一方面,“分红还原方式”在一些特例估价方法中使用,这种方式的回报率一律为10%。

这种方法适用于同族公司中同族股东以外所有的非上市股份等特定情况,是参照昭和39年(1964年)颁布《财产估价基本通知》时的利率水平制定的。

当时,日本正处于高利率时代,长期存款利率徘徊在6-7%左右,因此将回报率设定为10%具有一定的合理性。但如今,长期利率长期保持在1%以下的极低水平,资本成本和预期回报率发生了很大变化。如果不考虑这些历史背景的变化,继续使用10%的高资本化率,可能会导致估值与实际情况相去甚远。

会计检察院指出

基于这些问题,会计检查院要求国税厅考虑非上市股份估值系统的以下方面。

  • 不同规模类别发行人发行的非上市股份收购方之间估值的公平性
  • 考虑社会经济变化

针对这一观点,国税厅表示将努力查明非上市股份估值方法的实际情况。今后有可能对估价方法进行审查和改进,这一趋势已引起人们的关注。

非上市股份的估值方法是直接影响遗产税和赠与税的一个重要因素。会计检察院的调查结果表明,目前的估值方法可能并不总是反映公平和现实,并可能导致未来税制的修订。

同族企业的所有者必须考虑好股份的继承问题,以应对此次税制改革。

国税厅公布新发票业务FAQ

首先

许多现有企业被认为已经对发票系统有了一定程度的了解。
但是,对于那些新开业或计划将来开业的企业来说,对系统的了解还不够。然而,对于新的和未来的企业经营者来说,他们对系统的了解不够充分的情况很多。为此,我们准备了新的信息,以确保新的企业经营者也能正确理解发票系统。

面向新开业者的特设页面的概要

在此背景下,国税厅为新企业经营者发布了发票系统专题页面。该页面对发票开具企业的注册、相关程序和注意事项进行了清晰的解释,旨在帮助新手顺利了解该系统。专页整理了以下信息。

注册基本信息

免税经营者转申请发票制度经营者时的要点,在课税期间接受登记的情况下的对应,从开业日开始的登记,追溯到课税期间第一天是否可以申请登记等,详细地解说了与登记相关的基本规则。由此,新开业者可以根据自己的情况掌握正确的手续。

“重新开始的事业”的条件

从前一年开始出租居住用房地产的经营者从今年开始转移到事业用房地产的情况,以及一度停业的个人经营者重新开始的情况等,一边给出具体例子,一边明确表示是否属于“新开业者”的判断基准。同时,也回答着事业开始前的设备投资有关的进项税额扣除的适用与否等,实务性的疑问。

继承事业和法人构成

在继承事业的情况,发票发行经营者的登记手续该如何进行,有多个继承人的情况,谁实际处于进行事业的立场等特殊情况下也刊登了对应的信息。

另外,还介绍了个人经营者法人化时所需的手续和法人方面的发票发行经营者登记相关的步骤,满足了广泛的需求。

在通俗易懂上下功夫

国税厅为了促进理解,也活用了视觉工具。例如,在“漫画中可以看出的面向新开始事业的人的发票制度的注意点”中,通过故事制作来解说发票制度的要点。《脱萨拉…那是新的船出》、《继承…那是突然到来》等吸引人的题材,描绘了容易想象的具体场面。

另外,还提供了长达19页的充实的常见问题解答,对常见问题给出了细致的回答。

有关使用和利用的建议

所有这些文件都可以从一个专门网页上免费下载。这对于初次创业或考虑注册为发票开具企业的人来说是一个非常有用的信息来源。

国税厅通过这个专门网页帮助许多企业正确理解发票系统,确保其顺利运行。请有效利用本页面,帮助解决对该系统的任何疑虑或问题。

<参考:新开业企业的网站>
https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/shiraberu/zeimokubetsu/shohi/keigenzeiritsu/invoice_sinkijigyousha.htm

利用AI的税务调查

首先

目前,AI(人工智能)已被用于税务调查。国税厅表示通过不断改进基于AI的调查方法,在有限的人力和时间内实现高效、公平的税务管理。

利用AI选定调查对象

税务调查传统上需要大量人力和时间来检查报税表的适当性。然而,通过利用AI,现在可以快速、准确地分析报税数据和各种文件中的信息,并有效识别极有可能欺诈的纳税人以及报税与实际情况不符的案件。这提高了调查效率,使资源能够精确分配给高优先级案件。

强化数据分析

AI的引入似乎对调查工作流程本身产生影响。

【数据收集、整理的自动化】
AI自动收集整理电子申报和数字交易数据,可以减轻调查官手工输入的工作。这样,调查负责人可以腾出时间进行更高级的分析和决策。

【迅速选定调查对象】
AI参照过去的调查结果和申报内容,立即筛选调查对象。由此,在确保调查件数的同时也可以进行重点调查,可以对更多的纳税人实施公平、适当的调查。

对法人调查事例

令和5财政年度,开展了大范围的法人税和消费税(企业)调查:基于AI分析,重点调查涉嫌大额和恶意虚假计算的企业,从而纠正虚假计算,确保正确纳税,提高调查效率。通过对特定行业和规模的详细分析,在早期发现法人实体未申报的应税收入和欺诈活动的工作也取得了进展。

值得注意的是,从简单的法人税和消费税接触中发现的未申报收入约为92亿日元,比上一财政年度增加了17.9%,而从对未申报企业的调查中发现的应缴附加税约为219亿日元,是自平成19财政年度以来的最高值。这些结果表明,AI有助于提取调查对象,提高调查效率。

对个人调查事例

AI在个人所得税调查中也发挥着积极作用。可以有效识别以前难以发现的高风险群体,如海外投资、互联网交易和未申报收入等,并有效识别未申报收入和欺诈性退税案件。

AI扩大数据分析的范围,特别是在加密资产(虚拟货币)交易和新型数字交易领域,AI扩大数据分析的范围,使以前难以追踪的交易变得更加容易。

AI应用的效果和未来前景

AI的导入对税务调查的效率化和精度提高有很大的贡献。AI迅速准确地分析庞大的资料,实现了选定正确的调查对象和削减调查工时。随着AI技术的进一步发展,税务调查的高度化更加令人期待,国税厅表示将积极引进AI技术。

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