NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2025.08.27

根据养老金制度修正法,废除“106万日元门槛”

前言

与所得税类似,关于社会保险费用也存在两个“收入门槛”,即“106万日元的门槛”和“130万日元门槛”。两者都标志着需要开始缴纳社会保险费的收入线。其中,“106万日元的门槛”是针对厚生年金和健康保险的,而“130万日元的门槛”则涉及被扶养配偶的国民年金和国民健康保险。

关于社会保险“年收入门槛”的重新审视

随着养老金制度修正法的通过,关于厚生年金和健康保险的“106万日元的门槛”将从令和7年(2025年)6月20日公布之日起3年内,由政令设定的日期起被重新审视。另一方面,对于涉及国民年金与国民健康保险的“130万日元的门槛”,该法未进行直接修正。

“106万日元的门槛”的内容及问题点

“106万日元的门槛”指的是从事兼职或打工的短时间劳动者,如果其年收入达到106万日元以上并符合一定条件,则需加入厚生年金和健康保险,并自行承担保费。

例如,正职员工A的妻子B以兼职身份工作,若其年收入低于106万日元,仅A加入厚生年金和健康保险并自行承担保费;但若B的收入超过106万日元并符合一定条件,B也需自行缴纳保费,导致家庭的实际收入减少。

为了避免这种实际收入减少,许多短时间劳动者会通过调整工作时间,将他们的到手年收入控制在106万日元以下,但这种做法被认为会导致劳动力短缺,因此备受关注。

当前短时间劳动者若要加入厚生年金和健康保险并自行承担保险费,需满足以下5项条件(现行规定)

  1. 工资要求:月薪88,000日元以上(年薪1,060,000日元以上)
  2. 企业规模要求:员工人数(被保险人数)在51人以上的企业工作
  3. 工作时间要求:规定劳动时间为每周20小时以上
  4. 雇佣期间要求:预计连续工作2个月以上
  5. 非学生要求:非在校学生

修正内容

“106万日元的门槛”未来将被完全废除。根据养老金制度修正法,自令和7年(2025年)6月20日起3年内,工资要求将被废除。也就是说,无论工资高低,只要满足其他条件,短时间劳动者也需加入厚生年金与健康保险。

其他加入条件的要求

企业规模要求也将被废除,不过,与工资要求不同,这项要求将逐步取消。具体而言,现行的“51人以上”的企业规模要求如下。

令和9年(2027年)10月1日 36人以上
令和11年(2029年)10月1日 21人以上
令和14年(2032年)10月1日 11人以上
令和17年(2035年)10月1日 完全废除

到令和17年10月1日,工资要求和企业规模要求将全面废除,仅剩工作时间、雇佣期间、非学生三项条件。预计社会保险费将会增加,企业必须做好准备。

退休所得税的扣缴凭证范围扩大

前言

根据令和7年(2025年)度税制改革,“退休所得的预扣票、特别征收票”提交范围从仅限董事扩展到所有居民。

原则上每次退休都需提交

“退休收入的预扣票·特别征收票”原则上,在领取退休津贴等的人退休后的1个月内,支付者除了发给领取者之外,还需要向管辖税务署长、市区町村(支付年的1月1日现在的领取者的住所地)分别提交1张。

现在,关于向管辖税务署长提交的“退休收入的预扣票”,作为例外,设置了汇总当年退休的领取者部分,在第二年1月31日之前可以提交的处理。如果适用此处理,付款人无需在每次董事离职时向主管税务署长提交,而是可以汇总一年的部分提交。

修改后这个处理也会继续存在。因此,支付者只要汇总该年中退休的所有居住者的预扣票,在第二年1月31日之前提交就可以了。但是,关于特别征收票,原则上退休后1个月以内的提交是义务,所以需要注意。

总结范围在修改前后不同,请注意

预扣票的提交范围扩大到所有居住者,员工也需要向管辖税务署长、市区町村长提交的是令和8年(2026年)1月1日以后应该支付的退休津贴等相关的预扣票等。因此,适用向管辖税务署长提交汇总的处理时,令和7年和令和8年以后,汇总对象不同。

将令和7年(2025年)中的领取者部分汇总提交给管辖税务署长时,提交对象只有董事,但将令和8年(2026年)中的领取者部分汇总提交给管辖税务署长时,提交对象为所有居住者。

年末未支付的退休金处理方式

领取者是员工的情况下也需要向管辖税务署长提交的是与令和8年(2026年)1月1日以后应该支付的退休津贴等相关的预扣票等。适用向管辖税务署长汇总提交的处理时,令和8年(2026年)中接受退休津贴等支付的员工部分也将成为汇总对象。

但是,即使在令和8年(2026年)1月1日以后对员工支付退休津贴等的情况下,退休津贴等在令和7年(2025年)末时未支付的情况下,也不需要向管辖税务署长提交与员工相关的预扣票等。因为相当于令和7年(2025年)的退休收入。

例如,员工A的退休金于令和7年(2025年)12月28日完成,但令和7年(2025年)期间未完成退休金的发放,令和8年(2026年)1月15日退休金的支付完成的情况下,员工A相关的退休收入的预扣票等不需要向管辖税务署长等提交。提交汇总时也不属于汇总对象。

另一方面,员工B虽然令和7年(2025年)12月21日迎来了最终上班日,但通过利用带薪休假,实际的退休日为令和8(2026年)年1月18日,当天进行退休金支付的情况下,与员工B相关的退休收入的预扣票等需要向管辖税务署长等提交。也成为总结对象。退休时间是令和7年还是令和8年(2026年),处理方法不同,请注意。

储蓄等信息的在线查询大幅扩大

前言

国税厅在税务调查和滞纳整理中,在线查询银行等金融机构的账户持有者的存款等信息。书面查询需要几周的时间,通过在线查询可以在几天内取得存款等信息,对税务调查等的效率化做出了很大的贡献。

已覆盖国内70%以上的金融机构

截至令和6年(2024·年)度末,已有431家金融机构能够接受税务审计等针对的金融机构的存款和储蓄信息(例如账户是否存在以及存取款记录)的在线查询,占日本金融机构的七成以上。

截至令和3年(2021年)度末,仅有37家银行能够提供在线查询服务,但这意味着三年内增加了近400家银行。日本国税厅的目标是到令和7年(2025年)末,将支持在线查询服务的金融机构数量增加到450家。这些机构包括日本的大型银行、地方银行、信用合作社和网上银行。

【对应在线查询的金融机构的推移】

令和3年(2021年)度末 37行
令和4年(2022年)度末 61行
令和5年(2023年)度末 211行
令和6年(2024年)度末 431行
令和7年(2025年)度末(目标) 450行

生命保险公司、证券公司也扩充

从令和4年(2022年)度开始,除了金融机关以外,关于人寿保险公司的保险合同的信息也开始了在线查询的对应。令和6年度末,6家人寿保险公司已经对应完毕。另外,从令和6年(2024年)度开始,证券公司的证券账户信息也开始对应在线查询,令和6年(2024年)度末两家证券公司也在对应。

查询件数增长三倍以上

关于对包括人寿保险公司和证券公司在内的金融机构等的在线查询件数,在线查询开始的令和3年(2021年)度为28万件,令和4年度为263万件,但令和6年(2024年)度与令和4年(2022年)度相比增加了3倍以上。

将扩展至信用卡公司等

在网上查询中,以数字厅为中心的相关省厅合作,作为政府全体推进其活用。国税厅希望与相关省厅合作,增加作为在线查询对象的出入金记录期间的延长和对应在线查询的金融机构等的数量。

另外,除了金融机关等以外,还将委托资金结算经营者(〇〇支付的运用公司等)、信用卡公司等进行在线查询的对应合作,扩充与在线查询对应的业界、业者。

隐藏信息越来越困难

由此可见,金融机构的在线咨询数量正在以惊人的速度增长,而且未来不太可能减少。例如,在申报遗产税时,即使你隐藏在国内金融机构的存款和储蓄,对国税局来说也没什么用。

如果可以隐瞒的话,那些诚实、正确地报税的纳税人就会看起来像傻瓜。

为了让纳税人能够正确申报税款,我们希望税务审计能够更加高效。

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  • Russell Bedford
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