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NEWS

2025.09.30

国税厅公布了租户关于免租期的法人税处理方法

前言

针对此前处理方式不明确的房地产免租期问题,国税当局已明确了相关处理规定,现作如下说明。

在实务操作中,租金支付时可计入损金

关于房地产租赁期间的一定期间内免除租金的税务处理,国税当局至今尚未提供明确的处理办法,也成了在税务调查中一个常见问题。

对于设定免租期的租赁合同,承租方在法人税处理上可选择以下两种方式:①在租金支付日所属的各会计年度将租金计入损金(免租期内不作处理);或②将租金总额按租赁期平均分摊,在租赁期间各会计年度计入损金(免租期亦计入费用)。实务中多数案例采用①的方式处理。

除存在税务弊端的情况外,按比例计入损金额均无问题。

企业会计准则委员会去年9月公布的新租赁会计准则规定,对于出租方的经营租赁,“(中略)当出租方的租赁期包含免租期时,出租方应在合同期间内计入合同期内的总租金(中略)”。

基于新租赁会计准则,国税厅在法人税基本通达中规定:除存在税务弊端的情况外,如果该金额应在租赁期间内支付,则应在各会计年度内计入为当期损金。

这意味着,对于设定免租期的租赁合同,承租方在满足损金核算条件的前提下,应采用②将租金总额按租赁期分摊,在租赁期内各会计年度计入损金的方法进行处理。该规定适用于令和7年4月1日后开始的会计年度的法人税。

只要满足损金会计要求,中小企业也可采用相同处理方式

本处理方式要求以损金核算为前提,即使不属于新租赁会计准则强制适用对象的中小企业,如果采用符合该准则的会计处理方法,亦可通过②的方法,将租金总额按租赁期间分摊至各会计年度计入损金。此外,如果会计处理中未将免租期按分摊额计入费用,亦可采用①的方法,在租金支付日所属的各会计年度计入损金。

租赁期总计的损金计入额无论采用①或②方法均相同,但在包含免租期的会计年度,选择何种方法将导致可计入损金的金额产生差异。

存在税收弊端时

如果存在税务弊端,据称无法采用②的方法进行法人税处理,具体是指哪些情况呢?

这包括两种情况:一是免租金额占合同总额的比例过大,二是包含免租期的会计年度中免租期过长。这两种情形下,②的方法相较于①的方法可计入巨额的损金。

选择②处理方式时,务必仔细考虑是否存在税务弊端,然后付诸实施。

中小企业经营强化税制与投资回报率

前言

确认一下因令和7年度税制改革而设立的中小企业经营强化税制E类,以及经过一定调整的A类和B类。

E类型适用于规模较大的中小企业

令和7年度税制改革中,新设立的E类对象为以销售额超过100亿日元为目标的企业,因此适用对象为规模较大的中小企业。

E类型的特点在于,除机械设备外,建筑物及建筑物附属设备也被纳入适用设备范围。但如果仅购置建筑物及建筑物附属设备,则不属于适用对象。必须是在引进有助于提高生产效率的设备时,伴随新设或扩建方可适用。

B类型的变更点

B类适用于基于年平均投资回报率达7%以上的投资计划,引进机械设备(160万日元以上)或器具备品(30万日元以上)等对象设备。未购置建筑物的中小企业需适用B类而非新设的E类,因此在实务操作中B类可能更为重要。

此处的年平均投资回报率按下列公式计算:
㋐各年度增加的营业利润与折旧费用的合计金额平均值÷㋑设备购置成本总额

计算公式本身未作变更,但计算㋐项平均值的基准期间(计算基准期间)已调整。修订前规定为“设备购置年度次年度起3个会计年度”,修订后则变更为“设备购置年度次年度起,对该设备进行最长折旧年限”。

因此预计计算基准期间较修订前延长的情况将有所增加。如果仍按修订前方式错误计算,将导致年平均投资回报率出现偏差,进而影响适用要件判定,故需特别注意基准计算期间的计算误差。

关于B类,与后述的A类不同,需要制定投资计划,将内容提交税务师或注册会计师进行事前确认,并提交事前确认书。

A类也可变更要求

A类是针对生产性提升设备投资的特别规定。适用对象为在特定期限内销售的机型(非最新机型亦可),且须是有助于提升生产效率的设备。

生产性提升设备的相关指标已调整为“单位时间产量、成品率、投入成本削减率”中的任意一项。

如果相较旧型号上述指标年均提升1%以上,可适用特别折旧或税额抵扣政策。

A类申请需在设备购置前,委托设备制造商出具证明文件,并通过制造商向工业协会等机构获取符合生产效率提升要求的设备认证。

故乡纳税和积分奖励的禁止

前言

从令和7年10月开始,使用故乡纳税门户网站时禁止发放积分等奖励。

故乡纳税的现状与问题点

故乡纳税制度于平成20年创立,最初是旨在实现税收减免与地区贡献的简易制度。然而随着制度使用者增加,各地方政府为吸引更多捐款,开始提供豪华特产作为回礼。

结果导致回礼竞争白热化,“豪华回礼”逐渐取代“地区贡献”成为制度核心关注点。

面对这种堪称返礼品竞争过热的局面,政府及各界专家担忧其可能扭曲故乡纳税的初衷,遂于令和元年(2019年)修订制度,规定“返礼品价值不得超过捐赠额的30%”且必须为本地特产。

想必仍有民众记得,大阪府泉佐野市、静冈县小山町等地方政府因违反修订后的规则、通过提供高额返礼品吸引巨额捐赠,最终被排除在制度适用范围之外的案例。

使用门户网站时禁止获取积分

此外,总务省为完善故乡纳税制度,宣布将禁止通过向用户提供积分等奖励的中介平台募集捐款。

此举是因为除地方政府提供的“返礼品”外,门户网站自行提供的高额积分返还措施,被认定偏离了捐款的初衷,并引发了过度竞争。

积分奖励持续至9月底

由此,自令和7年10月起,禁止通过故乡纳税门户网站进行捐赠时发放积分等奖励。若通过门户网站进行故乡纳税,积分等奖励的发放将截止至9月底。

受监管的积分

  • 乐天故乡纳税的“乐天积分”,以及特定活动中发放的高返利积分等门户网站自主发放的积分
  • Amazon礼品卡、PayPay积分、故乡纳税代币等可兑换现金或商品券的积分

不受监管的积分

  • 使用信用卡支付捐款时,通常由发卡机构提供的积分或里程奖励

各门户网站呼吁民众尽早捐款,因预计令和7年9月将出现捐款高峰,可能导致回礼礼品缺货等情况。此外,总务省日前公布了通过故乡纳税制度捐款时各项费用的占比数据。

数据显示:当捐赠者捐赠100,其中25用于采购回礼、13支付中介、8用于配送/宣传/结算,最终留给自治体的资金仅有54。

如果积分竞争消失,对中介的支付会减少,自治体的剩余也会稍微增加。

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  • Russell Bedford
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