NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2025.10.29

请注意勿遗漏提交兼职临时工作的源泉征收票

前言

向临工支付薪酬的企业,在特定情况下必须向管辖税务署长提交“工资所得源泉征收票”。请确认相关条件,避免遗漏提交。

临工属于日雇契约合同

临工指的是利用空闲时间从事的兼职工作,可通过专用应用程序等平台以日或小时为单位进行工作。

通过应用程序匹配的临工工作者与企业直接签订雇佣合同。应用运营公司仅负责为双方介绍工作地点与人才,不存在雇佣关系。此类雇佣合同通常以日雇形式签订,因此合同仅在临工当天生效。即使多次从事日单位零工,也需每次重复签订并终止雇佣合同。

年收入在50万日元以下时,无需提交

作为工资支付方的企业,原则上需制作两份《工资所得源泉征收票》,一份交付本人,一份提交税务署,并分别完成交付与提交。但针对特定人员的源泉征收票,仅需提交税务署提交用即可。

无需提交的对象包括“未提交扶养扣除等申报书且不适用年末调整者(适用乙栏或丙栏者),且该年度工资等支付金额在50万日元以下者”。

由于临工通常以日雇形式签订雇佣合同,临工工作者属于丙栏适用者。因此,若企业向临工工作者支付的工资等款项年度总额在50万日元以下,企业无需向管辖税务署长提交源泉征收票(但仍需向临工工作者本人交付)。

请注意应用平台上的年收入上限

由于存在无需提交源泉征收票的规定,部分应用运营公司会对临工工作者设置“同一企业年收入限制”。具体而言,当临工工作者在同一企业的收入达到一定额度时,应用程序会自动屏蔽其与该企业的匹配功能,从而使企业方能够利用免提交规则。

但需注意,若临工工作者同时使用多个应用平台,则必须将所有平台支付金额合并计算。即使在单个平台满足年收入限制,若通过两个以上平台的总支付额超过50万日元,仍需提交源泉征收票据。

需要提交工资支付报告书

源泉徴収票需提交给税务署(国家),但对于需提交给市町区的《工资支付报告书》,若存在“年中不再领取工资者全年工资支付金额不超过30万日元”的情况,则无需向市町区提交。

关于加密资产的税制改革建议

前言

尽管石破首相辞职导致政局陷入混乱,税制改革前景不明朗,但各部委已提交了税制改革提案。本文将重点梳理金融厅提出的加密资产相关税制改革方案。

现在情况如何

目前,加密资产产生的收益被视为杂项所得,需与工资等其他收入合并计算,采用综合征税制度。收入越高者税率越高,最高适用税率可达55%。

另一方面,股票和投资信托产生的收益则适用申报分离课税制度,原则上按约20%的固定税率征税。这种差异给加密资产投资者造成了沉重负担,要求“与股票适用相同规则”的呼声日益高涨。

所得税15%、居民税5%、复兴特别所得税0.315%合计20.315%

金融厅要求修改的内容

金融厅计划将加密资产定位为金融商品,并使税收制度趋近于股票等传统金融产品的机制。主要要点如下:

  • 引入分离课税:拟将加密资产收益与股票收益统一适用约20%的税率
  • 规则明确化:将加密资产归类为投资商品,简化交易规则
  • 完善投资环境:未来将考虑引入加密资产ETF(交易所交易基金)

此举旨在促进加密资产在资产配置中的应用。

投资者应注意的优势与注意事项

若引入分离课税制度,投资者将享有以下优势:

  • 税率可能降低:即使获得高额收益,税率也可能仅需约20%。
  • 简化申报流程:因可单独计算加密资产收益,申报手续有望精简。
  • 实现损益通算:可能允许将加密资产与股票等其他投资的盈亏合并计算

另一方面,为保护投资者权益,交易所向税务机关的申报义务等监管措施预计将加强。规则趋严的同时,市场透明度将提升,ETF等新型投资产品或将应运而生。

今后日程安排

本次内容仅是金融厅提出的“建议”,尚不确定该建议能否获得采纳。即便建议获得采纳,也并非意味着能立即落实。后续流程如下:

令和7年9月:各部委提交税制改革建议
令和7年12月:政府公布《税制改革大纲》
令和8年1月~3月:国会审议法案
令和8年4月起:新规最早开始实施


若金融厅的提案获得通过,自令和8年起的年度所得税申报制度可能发生重大变革,因此密切关注后续动态至关重要。

总结

金融厅要求将加密资产收益的税收与股票采用相同的分离课税制度。若该方案得以实施,税率将统一约为20%,且可能简化纳税申报流程。虽然尚未正式决定,但鉴于投资环境可能发生重大变化,建议密切关注后续动向。

围绕消费税减税的讨论再度升温

前言

在前次参议院选举中,消费税减税也成为重要议题之一。在物价持续高企的背景下,要求减税以缓解家庭负担的呼声始终强烈,但与此同时也出现了“财政状况是否会恶化?”的担忧。

消费税减税的讨论及其再度受到关注的原因

目前日本消费税标准税率为10%,食品等部分商品适用8%的减轻税率。在物价持续上涨的背景下,为减轻消费者负担,执政党与在野党均提出“应暂时降低消费税”的意见。

当时任首相石破茂也表示“应全面探讨减税的利弊得失”。减税虽能缓解家庭经济压力,但随之而来的国家税收减少将导致社会保障和养老金的资金来源面临困境。因此,政界与专家群体对此存在分歧,预计该议题将成为今后国会审议的核心焦点。

财政影响与国家债务问题

消费税是支撑日本社会保障费用的重要财源。为维持医疗、养老金、护理等制度,消费税不可或缺。若降低消费税,相应收入将减少,存在财政赤字进一步恶化的风险。

日本国家债务(国债余额)已突破1200万亿日元,在发达国家中居于突出高位。在此背景下实施减税,极可能导致借新债填旧债,未来恐将引发增税或削减社会保障支出。

因此时任首相石破茂曾谨慎表态:“绝不能为减税而新增债务”,如何平衡家庭支援与财政健全化已成为重大课题。

评级公司也警惕,对国际评价的影响

针对这一讨论,国际评级机构穆迪也发出警告称:“减税的规模和永久性可能影响日本的信用评级。”

若评级下调,日本国债的可信度将下降,国家融资成本可能上升。如此一来,国家财政负担将进一步加重,未来税收和社会保障体系恐将受到负面影响。

简言之,消费税减税虽能缓解家庭经济压力,但同时伴随着对国家财政及日本整体经济的长期风险,因此需要慎重判断。

减税对国民生活的影响及今后的论点

如果消费税下调,首先对家庭收支将产生积极影响。例如,将标准税率从10%降低1%,以年消费额300万日元计算,可节省约3万日元。特别是食品、日用品等日常支出较多的家庭,受惠程度更为显著。

另一方面,减税导致国家税收减少,可能削减用于社会保障和教育等领域的资金。未来可能通过增加医疗自付费用、调整养老金制度等方式,使国民生活承担其他负担。此外,今后以下议题值得关注:

  • 是临时性减税还是永久性减税
  • 如何确保社会保障费的财源
  • 与所得税、法人税等其他税制之间的平衡

有必要一边考虑对国民生活会带来怎样的影响,一边关注政府的动向。

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  • Russell Bedford
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