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NEWS

2025.11.30

今年年末调整的注意事项

首先

受令和7年度税制改革影响,自令和7年12月1日起,将提高扶养亲属等的收入要求。届时,员工可能需要提交扶养扣除等(变动)申报书,请务必注意。

提高被扶养亲属等的所得要求

扶养扣除等(变动)申报书,员工等需在每年首次领取工资的前一日之前提交给公司。实际操作中通常在前一年度的年末调整时由员工等提交,若无变动事项则无需重新提交。

例如,关于令和7年度的扶养扣除等(变动)申报书,应在令和6年度的年末调整时已由员工等提交。

但是,在令和6年的年末调整中,由于令和7年度税制修改导致的抚养扣除等收入要件的提高等是在适用开始前,所以提交的抚养扣除等(变动)申报书是基于修改前的收入要件的内容。因此,在适用开始的令和7年12月1日以后的令和7年的年末调整中,根据修改后的条件,需要从新成为抚养亲属等的员工等处重新提交令和7年的抚养扣除等(变动)申报书。

例如,配偶或子女在修订前因收入为兼职或临时工作等而被排除在扶养范围之外,但根据收入条件的调整,可能符合纳入扶养的条件。

注意变动的日期及事由的记载遗漏

在令和7年度的年末调整中,因所得条件标准上调,需重新提交令和7年度扶养扣除等(变动)申报书的对象为符合下列①至⑤项新规定要求的员工等人员。

区分 所得要件(括号内为年薪收入)
修改前 修改后
①扶养亲属
②同一生计配偶
③与单亲同一生计的孩子
48万日元以下
(103万日元以下)
58万日元以下
(123万日元以下)
④适用配偶特别扣除的配偶 48万日元以上133万日元以下
(103万日元以上201万5999日元以下)
58万日元以上133万日元以下
(超过123万日元201万5999日元以下)
⑤勤工俭学学生 75万日元以下
(130万日元以下)
85万日元以下
(150万日元以下)

实务确认要点在实施年末调整前,需向员工充分告知本次修订内容,并请其确认家庭成员的收入状况。特别是对于拥有年收入超过103万日元且低于123万日元的兼职或临时工配偶及子女的员工,建议主动联系确认是否需要重新提交申报表。

具体而言,以员工A为例:其2025年度预估总收入为55万日元且育有16岁子女。最初因子女未满足修订前48万日元的收入标准,故未将其列为抚养亲属。但修订后,该子女符合修订后58万日元的收入标准,需重新提交抚养扣除(变更)申报书。

在重新提交的申报书“变更日期及事由”栏中,需注明“因扶养亲属等所得标准上调而新增扶养亲属”等内容,例如填写“令和7年12月1日修订”。

员工旅行的工资课税有无综合判断

首先

员工旅行作为旨在慰劳员工、增进情谊的福利制度之一,已被广泛实施。那么,员工旅行相关的费用在税务上应如何处理呢?

员工旅游的税务定位

在税务处理上,员工从公司获得经济利益时原则上属于工资所得税的征税对象,但对于符合社会普遍认知标准的员工旅行,可作为福利津贴费用予以免税处理。

作为判断是否符合社会普遍认知标准的依据,国税厅提出了以下要件:

  1. 旅行期间大概在5天4夜以内
  2. 50%以上的员工参加
  3. 公司的负担应在合理范围内

※作为实务上的参考标准,每人10万日元左右被视为合理范围。若海外旅行费用超出此限额,超额部分可能需要缴纳工资税。

只要满足这些条件,原则上公司承担员工旅行费用时,无需对员工个人进行工资课税。不过,国税厅举例说明,实际操作中并非机械地套用“50%以上参与”的标准,即使参与率低于50%,也可能被认定为无需进行工资课税。

38%参加也不课税的情况

国税厅公布的税务答复中,曾提及如下案例:

某公司每年举办一次联谊旅行,号召全体员工参与,但实际参与者仅占员工总数的38%。该旅行为3晚4天的行程,部分费用由员工承担。其目的是促进公司内部交流与提升员工工作积极性,旅行内容亦符合社会普遍认知范围。

对此案例,国税厅明确表示:“综合考量旅行目的、行程安排、规模及费用分摊比例等因素,若可认定为常规休闲旅行,即使参与率低于50%亦无需将其视为工资征税。”

这意味着50%的参与率仅为参考标准,并非绝对条件。即使参与率较低,只要公司整体上公平提供机会,且作为福利制度内容符合社会普遍认知,则无需作为工资课税。

实务上的注意事项

实施员工旅行时,关键在于明确向全公司展示公平性与费用合理性。若将通知文件、参与者名单、旅行目的、费用分摊记录等资料留存于公司内部,在税务调查时便更易说明免税处理的合理性。

国税厅的立场或许正从拘泥于“50%以上”的形式要件,转向更注重实质内容的方向。即使参与率较低,只要注重将其定位为全公司福利制度,并遵循社会普遍认可的合理性原则进行运作,完全有空间规避工资课税。但需注意,若存在董事及员工多为亲属等特殊情况,即使满足上述条件,仍可能被认定为工资课税对象。

自民党总裁提出加薪支援补助方案

首先

由于亏损企业无法享受加薪税制带来的优惠,自民党总裁似乎正在研究一种机制,使亏损企业也能通过加薪获得好处。

工资上涨促进税制的局限性

政府此前一直以促进加薪税制为核心政策,通过允许企业在提高员工薪资时从法人税中扣除相应金额,来推动民间企业提升工资水平。

然而该制度存在结构性缺陷:由于采用法人税额扣除机制,亏损企业因无应纳税额而无法享受减税优惠。

在约7成日本企业处于亏损状态的现状下,能享受该制度优惠的企业仅限于部分盈利企业,中小企业团体等机构对此提出批评,认为“该制度仅惠及具备涨薪余力的企业”。

高市总裁呼吁:“对亏损企业也应提供补助性支援”

在此背景下,自民党总裁高市早苗在10月上旬的记者会上直指工资上涨促进税制的局限性,明确表示:“存在无法利用工资上涨促进税制的赤字企业。有必要对这类企业也采取相应措施。”高市女士提出,为向赤字企业提供实质性的工资上涨支持,正考虑采取补助金或拨款等直接支援型措施。

这一表态作为扩大涨薪覆盖面的现实性提案引发关注,同时也引发了关于财政负担扩大及制度公平性的讨论。执政党内部似乎已开始探讨应采取永久性补助措施还是仅限于临时性补助等问题。

财源与制度设计的困难

当然,该构想目前仅是方向性声明,尚未作为制度最终确定。具体实施细节如补助对象范围、加薪率定义、财源保障方式等均未敲定。若正式推行,很可能通过补充预算措施或由中小企业厅实施特别补助金计划来落实。

另一方面,政府内部也存在“可能削弱推动涨薪的初衷”的审慎声音。有观点指出,补助型支援可能不考虑企业业绩状况就予以发放,导致激励效果减弱,进而削弱企业推进结构改革和提升生产效率的动力。

未来展望

高市总裁的提案旨在“让加薪的惠益广泛惠及各类规模的企业”。尤其从确保盈利困难的中小微企业也能获得加薪机会的角度来看,这堪称契合实际情况的务实举措。

接下来政府如何推进制度化进程,以及在年末补充预算和税制改革纲要中的具体安排将成为焦点。若该方案得以实施,必将作为突破税制框架的薪资增长支持新模式引发关注。尽管当前政局动荡难料,未来走向尚不明朗,但实现超越物价涨幅的薪资增长,已成为日本未来发展不可回避的课题。

让我们持续关注薪资增长支持补助金的具体走向。

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  • Russell Bedford
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