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2026.03.03

中小企业有望维持促进加薪税制

前言

关于提高员工工资可享受税收抵免的促进加薪税制,将根据企业规模进行相应调整。

令和8年度税制改革大纲中提出的促进加薪税制方向性

令和8年度税制改革大纲中,关于促进加薪税制,根据企业规模划定了明确界限。此前统一实施的加薪促进税制,现根据“已推进加薪的企业”与“仍面临人才短缺困境的企业”的实际差异进行了调整。具体而言,面向大企业的制度将提前废止,而面向中小企业的支援措施则得以延续。本次修订大纲的背景在于区分两类企业:已完成“通过税制推动涨薪阶段”的企业,以及仍需持续支持的企业。

面向大企业的废止

关于面向大企业的加薪促进税制,不等待本来的适用期限2027年(令和9年)3月末提前终止,于2026年(令和8年)3月31日废止。这是因为工资上升率已经处于高水平,即使没有税制的支持,工资上涨趋势仍将持续。从政策层面看,可以说是“加薪超过了应该依赖税制激励的阶段”的明确信息。对于大企业来说,即使提高工资,也不会得到税额扣除的直接优惠。

面向中坚企业的政策在严格化要求的基础上,将于和9年3月末废止。

对于中坚企业(员工人数2000人以下且不属于中小企业的企业),该制度将延续至适用期限令和9年3月末,但适用条件将严格化。另请注意,中小企业(注册资本1亿日元以下的法人等,或员工人数1000人以下的个体经营者)属于不同分类。

  • 基本要求:工资涨幅需提升至4%以上(现行标准为3%)
  • 附加要求:工资涨幅达5%以上可额外增加5%扣除率,涨幅达6%以上可额外增加

中小企业维持现行制度

另一方面,针对中小企业,考虑到人才获取竞争的激烈程度及经营环境因素,2026年度(令和8年度)将维持现行条件与扣除率。这在本次修订中堪称令中小企业安心的关键点。但需注意的是: 无论企业规模大小,所有类别均将取消因教育培训费用增加而提高税额扣除率的附加措施。此举源于会计检查院指出存在税额扣除额超过教育培训费用增额的情况。今后在人才投资领域,除税收优惠外,实质性的成本效益将受到更重视。

区分 改正的方向性 加薪条件 备注
大企业 废止 - 令和8年3月末结束
中坚企业 严格化 提高至4%以上 提高门槛
中小企业 维持 照常 继续有利条件

今后需要考虑的要点

加薪促进税制已从“人人皆可使用的制度”,大幅转向“根据企业规模和实际情况实施的制度”。特别是中小企业,虽然仍存在利用空间,但必须准确把握制度的期限和适用条件。

设备投资促进税制推动设备投资

前言

令和8年度税制改革大纲明确提出,为增强日本经济增长动力,将大力支持企业设备投资。其中尤为引人注目的是,在既有特例措施基础上大胆推进的设备投资促进税制(特定生产性提升设备等投资促进税制)。该制度将投资额下限设定为中小企业等5亿日元以上(大型企业等35亿日元以上),可谓针对大规模设备投资的强力支持。掌握其具体内容,必将为未来的经营决策提供重要参考。

背景

大胆的设备投资促进税制出台的背景,在于长期存在的人手短缺、薪资上涨压力以及原材料费和能源成本的攀升。为应对这些挑战,提升生产效率和实施省力化投资不可或缺,而本次政策的核心目标正是减轻“阻碍投资的税负”。对于中小企业等主体而言,该税制不仅是单纯的延命措施,更被定位为以促进增长为前提的投资激励机制。

制度概要

本税制计划引入一项机制,允许对有助于提升生产效率和增强企业竞争力的特定设备投资进行即时折旧或税额抵扣。适用对象为直接用于企业经营的下列设备。办公用器具、总部、宿舍等建筑物及福利设施等不属于适用范围。

建筑物、建筑物附属设备、构筑物、机械装置、工具及器具备品、软件中达到一定规模以上的

选择即时折旧时,通常需分几年摊销的设备投资额可在取得年度全额计入损金,从而大幅减轻首年度的税负。另一方面,选择税额抵扣则能直接减少法人税额本身,盈利企业享受的优惠力度更大。税额抵扣的抵扣比例为:建筑物、建筑物附属设备及构筑物按购置价×4%,机械装置、工具及器具备品、软件按购置价×7%。

超出扣除限额的部分原则上不可结转。但若为应对难以预见的国际经济形势急剧变化而制定的计划,需获得《产业竞争力强化法》的认定。

仅在获得经济产业大臣确认的情况下,方可结转三年。需注意该结转制度仅适用于特殊情况下的限定性措施。

「投资内容」与「时机」至关重要

在运用该税制时,关键不仅在于“购买什么”,更在于“何时”以及“以何种形式”进行投资。该制度预计将设适用期限,合同签订日或资产取得日的差异可能导致适用资格产生变化。

此外,若与补助金或助成金并用时,需注意购置价格的调整及税务处理。某些情况下需扣除补助金额后方可适用,若未事先审慎评估,可能导致无法获得预期的税务优惠。

将设备投资视为税务战略的时代

大胆的设备投资促进税制绝非单纯的节税策略。该制度直接关联着应对劳动力短缺、确保事业可持续性及未来增长战略。正因如此,设备投资不仅需要经营判断,更需结合税务视角进行综合考量。

若仅因“设备更新”或“业务需要”而推进投资,则无法实现价值最大化。唯有在确认税制适用性与效果后再实施,方能充分释放投资价值。

将年收入门槛提高至178万日元

前言

令和8年度税制改革大纲中,政府宣布将调整所得税扣除额,并将所得税的年收入门槛(103万日元/160万日元)提高至178万日元。

为什么是178万日元?

178万日元这一数字是通过将平成7年(1995年)最低工资与当前最低工资的比率(约1.73倍)乘以当时的免税额度103万日元计算得出的。

基础扣除额的调整

这次的修改将重新审视适用于所有纳税人的基本扣除额。对于总收入不超过2350万日元的个人,基本扣除额将从现行的58万日元提高至62万日元。

更重要的是基础扣除额的加算特例将得到扩充。最高加算额将从现行的37万日元提高至42万日元,适用工资收入的范围也将从相当于200万日元大幅扩大至相当于665万日元。由此,此前无法享受加算特例优惠的中等收入群体也将获得实质性减税效果。

工资所得扣除额的提高与178万日元门槛

最低保障金额将从现行的65万日元提高至69万日元。结合基础扣除额与工资所得扣除额的修订,所得税开始征税的年收入门槛将调整为以下标准:

  • 基本扣除额:104万日元(基本标准62万日元+特例42万日元)
  • 工资所得扣除额:74万日元(基本标准69万日元+特例5万日元)

这些金额合计为178万日元,这将成为新的“年收入门槛”。由此,以往作为就业调整基准的103万日元/160万日元标准,其意义将发生重大变化。

适用时期与实务注意事项

本次修订的适用时间为:所得税从令和8年(2026年)开始,居民税从令和9年度(2027年度)开始实施。随着工资所得扣除额的提高,预扣税额表及年末调整的计算基准也将同步修订。

此外,本次修订预计将引入每两年根据消费者物价指数变动调整扣除额的机制。此举体现了定期使税制适应经济环境的理念,意味着“年收入门槛”不会固化。需注意的是,即使所得税门槛提高,居民税和社会保险门槛仍将独立存在。在规划工作方式时,除税收因素外,综合考量社会保险等要素仍至关重要。

对高收入者的影响有限

对于工资收入超过2500万日元的高收入者,其基础扣除额原本就是0日元,因此本次修订基本不会对其产生影响。

此外,基础扣除额加算特例中适用最高扣除额的对象,仅限于工资收入665万日元以下的中等收入者。若工资收入在665万日元以下,基础扣除额为104万日元;但超过665万日元后,基础扣除额将降至67万日元,可能导致实际到手收入减少。

由此可见,本次“年收入门槛”的提高实际上附带了实质性的收入限制,这一点也需特别注意。

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  • Russell Bedford
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