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2020.08.26

房租支援补助金
开始申请了

第二次补充预算案通过的房租支援补助金,终于开始申请了。下面对其概要,来一起确认一下吧。

首先

对销售额大幅减少的中小企业和个体经营者,有可能获得最高600万日元的补助金。

什么是房租支援补助金 ?

为了支持由于5月紧急事态宣言的延长而销售额比前一年大幅减少的企业能继续经营下去,设立了「房租支援补助金」,以减轻地租房租(租金)的负担。

因为其支援对象是资本金不满10亿日元的企业和个体经营者,也就是说除了大企业以外几乎所有的经营者只要满足一定条件都可以申请补助金。

但是,要求令和2年5月~12月期间某一单月销售额比前一年同期减少50%以上,或者连续3个月的总销售额比前一年同期减少30%以上,作为支援补助金申请的重要条件。

法人最多补助600万日元,个体经营者最多300万日元。补助金是下表补助金额(月额)的6倍。支付比例和支付上限额(月额)如下表所示。

提交文件时的注意事项

【房租支援补助金】的申请需要提交誓约书,这与持续化支援金有所不同。房租支援补助金的申请书必须由代表者亲自签字,注意不要盖橡胶印章。

另外,需要提交一份在令和2年3月31日和申请日均生效的租赁合同。如果合同是自动续签,提交原始租赁合同时,上述日期不被承认为有效,则承租人和房东必须提交另一份名为《租赁合同证明书》的文件,该文件必须承租人和房东都要亲自签字。

如果提交的文件有不足或者不够完备,支援补助金的领取会被推迟。因为要提交的文件比持续化支援金多,所以必须谨慎。

东京都还要再额外追加支援 !?

东京都内,除了国家政策支援补助金之外,好像正在研讨独自额外追加支援补助金的事项。虽然还没有被确定,但是有倾向将在国家补助金之上追加补助共计支付租金的3/4,封顶75万日元。因为东京都和其他地区相比房租贵,所以想独自追加支援补助金。

另外,除东京都以外,似乎也有一些道府县准备与房租支援补助金相关联的独自支援制度。为了能得到最适合的补助,需要留意今后的动向(因为本报道是7月17日执笔的,所以公开时支援补助金制度有可能会有所变更)。

关于房租支援补助金的详情,可以随时咨询本事务所。

再次确认一下会议费和图书教育费

开始实施消费税轻减税制已经有半年多。下面介绍一下,依据轻减税制进行首次申报时被指出的错误案例。

首先

即使不是饮食类的经销商,也受到了轻减税制的影响。在这里重点介绍容易出错的账目。

容易出错的账目都有哪些呢?

消费税的轻减税制从去年10月开始实施已经有半年多。依据轻减税制进行首次申报时,被税务局指出错误申报的实例已经出现。

其中需要引起注意的是“会议费”,“图书教育费”,“交际费”。

轻减税率8%的对象是“酒类、外出餐饮以外的饮料食品”和“每周至少发行两次的报纸(定期订阅合同为依据)”。

基本上对便利店等贩卖饮料食品的经营者来说影响大一些,但除此之外一般的经营者也需要引起注意。

例如,为来客准备的茶点、年末礼品、中元节礼品、定期订阅的报纸等,无意识中便进行了有关轻减税制对象的交易。

如果按标准税率10%处理了,会如何 !

本来是轻减税率8%对象交易,如果以10%的标准税率计算的话,所产生的应缴消费税会过少,结果可能导致过少申报。

这种情况下,会征收因过少申报而产生的附加税和滞纳税,所以需要注意。很少有半年内没有一笔适用轻减消费税税率的交易,那样实在不现实。

记账的时候请特别注意上述交易,注意尽量不要出现消费税率的错误。

“租赁费” 也需要引起注意

上述是适用轻减税率8%的案例,但也有很多不适用轻减税率,而是过程措施要适用8%税率的案例,这方面也要注意。

过程措施适用8%税率的会计账目中最多的是“租赁费”吧。如果合同日为2019年3月31日之前,租赁开始日为2019年9月,符合一定条件的租赁合同所涉及的租赁费至今仍可适用8%税率。

关于这点,如果以10%税率计算的话,所缴纳的消费税额将过少,一定要注意。

如果确认租赁合同和租赁费的支付日期的话,应该可以确认消费税率是8%还是10%。

错误记账带来的影响不是很大

对于不管适用轻减税率8%还是适用过程措施8%的对象交易,即使以10%的标准税率计算,只要修正了2%差额的话,对税额的影响可能不那么大。

但是,如果建立一个平时不发生这样小错误的体制,就可以防止将来的大错误。不要因为是小金额就无视,要有意识性地建立能够恰当处理的体制。

读解资产负债表

上一期对损益表进行了说明。这期就对资产负债表中的“资产部”和“负债部”进行一下说明。

首先

简称为BS的Balance Sheet,资产负债表大范围是由“资产部”、“负债部”、“纯资产部”构成。此外,“资产部”分为流动资产和固定资产,“负债部”分为流动负债和固定负债。

资产负债表的结构是

资产负债表的中间有一条分界线。资产负债表的右侧表示该公司“至今为止如何收拢资金款项”,资产负债表的左侧则表示“资金款项的投资去向”。

更简单地说,右侧的“收拢的资金” “现在以什么样的形态存在于公司中”便如左侧所示。

看看资产负债表的左侧,既有作为 “现金”一直持有的,也有因进项交易而变成库存商品的。

所谓“有形固定资产”,是因为所指的是有形的资产,所以把资金换成有形的建筑物和机械装置。

按容易现金化的顺序排列着。

左右都是按照从上到下容易现金化的顺序排列着。

资产负债表的左侧全体称为“资产部”。并且,大致分为“流动资产”和“固定资产”两个框架。

流动资产是预计一年内现金化的资产,固定资产是指一年内没有预定现金化的资产。流动和固定是以一年为基准分开的,这叫做一年规则one year rule。

严格来说,one year rule之前有“正常营业循环基准”这一规则。但一般认为,首先只要记住one year rule就应该没什么大问题了。

资产负债表的右边是“至今为止如何收拢资金款项”,公司收拢资金的方法之一就是“向别人借钱”。这就是“负债部分”。

在这里也是一年内必须偿还的债务是“流动负债”,超过一年可以偿还的债务是“固定负债”。向别人借的钱一定要还的。

下个月,想对可以不用还的“纯资产部”进行说明。

关于对资产负债表的询问,可以随时咨询本事务所。

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