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2020.11.26

今年年末调整的注意事项

年末调整的季节临近了。今年有很大的变更,比较容易出错,所以一定要注意。

首先

今年的年末调整与往年相比,有好多的修改事项。来一起看一下变更点的概要吧。

基础扣除额的提高

基础扣除是从14种所得中的扣除项目之一(同医疗费扣除和社会保险费扣除等一样,是从所得里扣除的项目),计算所得税时,是从纳税人的所得中统一扣除的一项基础费用。到目前为止,针对所有纳税人的收入都会扣除38万日元,但是根据今年的修改案,2020年开始全部将基础扣除费用提高到48万日元。

对于高收入者,基本扣除额将会减少,但这是因为已达到不需要年末调整的收入水准,所以关于这个部分在这里就忍痛割爱不作说明了。

工资所得扣除额的修改

虽然基础扣除额提高了10万日元,但是工资所得扣除额一律下调10万日元。这样与基础扣除额的提高相抵消,似乎没有多大意义,但是有什么目的呢?

政府为了促进“工作方式改革”,想要增加个人事业主。受到工资所得扣除下调影响的是工资所得者,也就是工薪阶层。与个人事业主无关。

另外,根据税制调查委员会的意见, “对于高工资所得者的扣除额过高”,工资所得的控除额采取阶梯式逐渐降低,到去年为止工资所得有扣除的最高底线为年收1000万日元,但是从今年开始,已下调到了850万日元。

因此,工资年收入超过850万日元的人,除去适用下面所提到的 “所得金额调整扣除”之外,实质上就是增税。工资年收入在850万日元以下的人,这次修改不会对税额产生影响。

所得金额调整扣除的新建

如上所述,随着工资所得扣除额的重新修改,工资收入超过850万日元的根据这次修改,税金负担会加重。但是,考虑到该年收入带大部分都是有育儿或有看护的家庭,所以如果满足一定条件,通过对工资所得扣除额增加的调整,工资所得扣除额将与改正前的金额基本没变。因此,对于有育儿、有看护的家庭,即使年收入超过850万日元,也不会增加什么税金负担。

所得金额扣除调整的条件是,工资超过850万日元的年收入者,符合以下任意一项。

  1. 自己是特殊残疾人
  2. 有23岁以下抚养亲属者
  3. 一同生活的有特殊残疾人的配偶或抚养亲属者

育儿家庭应该有23岁以下的抚养亲属,所以应该能满足第2个条件的。另外,如果有看护的家庭,则很有可能满足第3个条件。就像这样,对于有育儿/有看护的家庭,为不增加税额负担而进行调整。

如果在董事和员工中有年薪超过850万日元的人,关于年末调整有不明白的地方,欢迎随意向本事务所咨询。

年末调整用文件格式的变更

今年年末调整最大的要点是,对年末调整用的文件格式进行了大幅度修改。添加新文档后,需要事先向员工告知如何填写表格。

首先

因为需要提交和之前不同的新格式的文件,所以最好大家尽早对应。

大幅度修改年末调整格式

对于有配偶的工资所得者,在年末调整中需要提交“工资所得者的配偶者扣除等申报书”,但是从今年开始在此新追加了“工资所得者的基础扣除申报书”和“所得金额调整扣除申报书”。

这两种新的申报书与之前的“工资所得者的配偶者扣除等申报书”一体化,成为了“工资所得者的基础扣除申报书兼工资所得者的配偶者扣除等申报书兼所得金额调整扣除申报书”这种题目超长的新格式。

「年末調整書式調査結果」(国税庁)
(https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/tetsuzuki/shinsei/annai/gensen/pdf/1648_73_r02.pdf)を加工して作成

首先,是红框的基础扣除栏,这里需要全体员工填写。一定要向员工讲明,这是必须填写的一栏。接下来是,青框的配偶扣除・配偶者特别扣除栏,这里是已结婚并有抚养配偶者的人需要填写。单身的人请告诉他就不需要填写。
最后,是绿色框的所得金额扣除额调整栏。这里需要记载的只有工资收入超过850万日元的人。

像这样,哪些人应该填哪个记载栏有必要事先说明一下。

对于年收入不超过850万日元的人,就没有必要对详细讲解所得金额扣除调整栏的记载方法而浪费时间了。

新设单亲扣除制度

对于所谓的“单亲”,目前为止有寡妇(夫)扣除,但最近由于未婚的单身父母有所增加,所以从今年开始新设了“单亲扣除”这一项目。

现行的寡妇(丈夫)扣除的条件是死别、离婚、生死不明的状态,不适用于未婚的单亲。但是从实现对所有单亲家庭实行公平税制的观点出发,设立了“单亲扣除”税制。其对象是未婚或者配偶生死不明的人,符合以下条件的即可。

  1. 有总收入合计金额48万日元以下的同住子女
  2. 本人的合计收入金额500万日元以下
  3. 住民票上没有记载事实婚的人

满足单亲扣除条件时,不是在上述的“工资所得者的基础扣除申报书兼工资所得者的配偶者扣除等申报书兼所得金额扣除调整申报书”中填写,而是在“工资所得者的抚养扣除等(调动)申报书”中记载该当于单亲的意思,并在令和2年最后的工资支付日的前一天之前提交。

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