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2020.12.25

令和3年度的固定资产税申报的注意点

这将会是明年的话题,只要满足一定条件,对令和3年度的固定资产税和城市规划税也设立了轻减税制。

首先

满足规定条件时,令和3年度的固定资产税、城市规划税有可能减到原来的一半或零纳税。

由于新型冠状病毒感染症扩大而实施的轻减政策

为防止新型冠状病毒感染症蔓延,国家采取一些对应措施,对此受影响而导致销售额减少的中小企业等,仅限令和3年度,将实施轻减事业用住房及折旧资产相关的固定资产税、城市规划税的负担。

令和2年2月~10月期间的任意连续3个月的销售额与前一年同期相比减少了30%以上的中小企业等,在令和3年2月1日(星期一)之前通过办理相关手续,令和3年度的固定资产税及城市规划税的课税标准为原来的2分之1或零。

销售额降低比例30%以上不足50% 1/2
销售额降低比例50%以上

顺便说一下,接受房租支援补助金的条件也是,连续三个月的销售额比前一年同期减少30%以上,但其对象期间是令和2年5月~12月。这与固定资产税及城市规划税所涵盖的对象期间不同,要特殊留意。课税标准变为二分之一或零,其实基本上意味着固定资产税和城市规划税变为原额的二分之一或为零。

适合轻减对象的资产

适合轻减对象的资产是,事业用住房和折旧资产。例如个人所有的自己居住用的房屋是对象外。

一方面,房地产租赁的个体经营者,作为事业向外租赁住宅用的房屋时,只要满足其条件,不难想象也是属于轻减对象范围之内的。

另一方面,对于事业和居住两者兼用的房屋,根据事业用占有比例算出事业用部分,也可以成为轻减的对象。

说到底,作为轻减对象的资产是事业用房屋和折扣资产,所以土地即使是事业用也不会成为轻减的对象。

手续流程

例如,东京都特别区(23区),需要填写“特例申报书”,在令和3年2月1日(周一)之前向都税事务所提交申报。过了这个期间的话,作为轻减措施会被拒接受理,所以一定要注意。

关于“特例申报书”,填写必要的事项后,提交给被国家所认定的经营革新等支援机关等(“等”中也包含认定经营革新等支援机关以外的税理士及税理士法人),可确认是否满足条件。

不仅可以书面形式申报,也可以电子形式申报,据说正在对电子申报系统进行翻新,申报截止日期之前电子系统应该可以修复完成。

如果您正在考虑想减轻固定资产税和城市规划税的话,欢迎随时向本事务所咨询。

利息补贴金作为收益记账时期是?

已获得新型冠状病毒感染特别贷款的企业,将会收到利息补贴,其实质上利率就几乎变为零了。利息补贴也是要课税的,那么什么时候记账缴纳最为妥当呢?

首先

关于日本政策金融公库针对新型冠状病毒感染的专项贷款,实质上接受无利息贷款的企业,要确认一下收取利息补贴的征税时间。

与专项贷款有关的利息相当金额,才是利息补贴对象

因新冠病毒而经营业绩恶化,对此公共金融机关作为企业融资,向销售额下降的企业提供了与新的冠状病毒感染相关的特殊贷款。

特殊利息补贴制度是,一次性补助与专项贷款相关的利息部分,以此来支援经营者的资金周转。 通过获得利息补助,企业将实质上也就获得几乎无利息的贷款。

它之所以引起关注,是因为它是无息贷款。但这并不意味着它本身就没有利息支付的,而是获取了与所支付的利息相同的金额的利息补贴,实质上变成了无利息。 如果您有下表中列出的贷款,有可能适用特殊利息补贴制度,请确认一下。

特殊利息补贴制度的贷款对象(主要事项)

公共金融机构 特殊利息补贴制度 对象的专项贷款
日本政策金融公库
(中小企业)
・新型冠状病毒感染症专项贷款
日本政策金融公库
(国民事业)
・新型冠状病毒感染症专项贷款
・生活卫生相关营业新型冠状病毒感染症专项贷款等
工商合作社中央金库 ・新型冠状病毒感染症专项贷款
(危机应对融资)

如果一次性补助3年利息的话,要作为企业收入记账吗?

通常,以费用补贴的名义接受支付的金额,即使是对将来的各个企业年度里所发生的费用补贴,收到入金的那一刻便已确定是收益,所以必须在其发出的企业年度中作为收入记账。

另一方面,特殊利息补贴金实质上是以三年无利息为目的的补贴制度。补贴金决定交付时,计算出的3年期利息相当额将被一次性发放补助。3年后根据实际支付的利息金额作为确定额,如果交付额和确定额有差额,事后可进行差额部分的清算。

也就是说,在特殊利息补贴制度中,一次性补助的时候作为收益金额是不确定的。因为3年的支付利息是无利息化的,所以每次支付利息时,都要计入与支付利息相同金额作为收益。

这种情况下,可以认为利息补贴只不过是暂时保管的资金,所以3年内对应期间内作为收益记账应该是恰当的处理。

借方贷方的记账构想图

领取利息补给金100时
存款 100 预收金100
X1期利息40支付时
支付利息 40 存款40
预收金40 杂项收入40

关于利息补贴金方面的咨询,欢迎随时向本事务所咨询。

使用地区通用优惠券时的记帐例子

“GoTo Travel”不仅补助旅行费用,还开始发放用于在旅行地支付商品、饮食等的地区通用优惠券。应该怎么处理账务呢?

首先

一边明确消费税的课税关系,一边来确认使用地区通用优惠券时的记账方法吧。

地区通用优惠券不适用于折扣商品

在GoTo Travel中,国家给予旅行者支援的金额中,7成(旅行费用的35%)充当旅行费用,剩下的3成(旅行费用的15%)相当金额,作为可以在旅行地的特产店等支付商品费用的地区通用优惠券支付给旅行者。

地区通用优惠券是,旅行者在旅游当地可适用地区通用优惠券的店铺里所支付商品费用等的一部分代金,且这部分代金由国家承担的。

在这种情况下,关于消费税的课税关系,和旅行费用的支付一样,与销售商品的价格无关,销售商品的全额都是消费税的课税对象。

例如,因工作出差时,假定购买5,400日元(含税,税率8%)的商品作为赠给商务伙伴的纪念品时,用地区通用优惠券1,000日元5张和现金400日元支付商品费用。

这种情况下,公司作为交际费的课税进项费用金额是5400日元,店铺作为销售额不含税5000日元记账。

公司对地区通用优惠券5,000日元的会计处理一般以员工差旅费清算的。但如果没做清算的话,则以杂项收入记账(消费税是不课税的)。

优惠券不适用于折扣商品

店铺记账方式

①销售商品时
现金 销售 未收款项 临时接受消费税
400 5,000 5,000 400
②地区通用优惠券结算时
现款 未收款项
5,000 5,000

购买方记账方式

①包括5000日元的优惠券一起结算的情况
交际费 现金 临时支付消费税
5,000 5,400 400
②不用优惠券5000日元结算的情况
交际费 现金 临时支付消费税 杂项收入
5,000 400 400 5,000

(消费税不课税)

产生找零金额时的处理方法

地域通用优惠券分为,纸质媒体优惠券和电子媒体优惠券,但是无论哪一种优惠券都不会有找零处理。

如果购买者出示的地区通用优惠券的金额比商品的销售价格大时,收据上面的商品销售价格如何表示,与消费税的课税关系有很大变化,发生这种情况时需要注意。

关于地区通用优惠券详情,欢迎随时向本事务所咨询。

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