NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2021.03.26

口罩购买费是否能作为医疗费扣除?

2020年受新型冠状病毒感染症影响的费用支出中,有哪些是在年底个人所得税申报时,可以作为医疗费扣除的呢!?

首先

由于新型冠状病毒感染症的影响,口罩的购买费用和PCR检查的费用等,在2020年的所得税年底申报中,是目前为止的年底申报史上没有过的新的讨论点,我们来一起归拢一下。

购买口罩费用的处理

我相信有不少的人为了预防冠状病毒感染,购买了连自己都想象不到数量的口罩。那么,购买这么多口罩的费用支出,是否能作为医疗费用扣除呢?

从结论上来说,购买口罩的支出不属于医疗费扣除的对象。能作为医疗费被扣除的对象包括:①医生的诊疗费和为治疗所支付的费用,②为治疗和疗养所需的医药品的购买费用等。

戴口罩仅是为了防止感染,其购买费用不符合医疗费用扣除的条件。即使是新型冠状病毒感染,只要是为了防止感染而产生的费用,就不能作为医疗费扣除的对象。

PCR检查费用的处理

PCR检查费用是否属于医疗费扣除对象,这取决于是根据谁的判断接受PCR检查的。例如,和有疑似感染新型冠状病毒的人,有过亲密接触的话,根据医生等的判断要接受PCR检查,那么这个费用是能作为医疗费扣除对象的。

另一方面,以证明没有感染为目的而接受的PCR检查等,根据自己的判断而接受的PCR检查费用,不属于医疗费扣除的对象。

但是,PCR检查的结果是“阳性”,需要继续进行治疗的话,这个检查和治疗前进行的诊疗费用一样,所以在这种情况下的检查费用是可以作为医疗费扣除的。

在这方面,虽然综合体检和健康检查的费用不能成为医疗费扣除的对象,但是作为结果发现了重大疾病,并且,要继续进行诊断等进行治疗的情况下,是可以作为医疗费扣除的。其实,能否作为医疗费扣除的考量方法,和目前为止的医疗费用扣除考量方法相比是没有什么变化的。

毫无疑问,抗体检查与PCR检查的处理方式可以认为是一样的。因为抗体检查不是对现在而是对过去是否感染过所做的检查,所以不属于医疗费扣除也是不难想象得到的。

在线诊疗费用的处理

为了应对新型冠状病毒感染症的流行,越来越多的医院在引进在线诊疗服务。接受在线诊疗时的在线诊疗费当然是医疗费扣除的对象。并且因在线系统使用费也属于在线诊疗所需的直接费用,所以也属于医疗费扣除的对象。

另外,根据在线诊疗处方的医药品的购买费用,符合治疗和疗养所需的医药品的购买费用的情况下,属于医疗费扣除的对象。但,如果是运输医药品所支出的费用,则不能属于医疗费扣除的对象,这一点一定要注意。

公司承担的PCR检查费用的处理

首先

在商务上,我们锁定即使不是医生等的判断,也需要证明新型冠状病毒感染症为“阴性”的情况。对于公司所要承担的PCR检查费用如何来处理,下面来对此进行说明一下。

基本的思维方法

在所得税法上,公司向员工等支付金钱物品等,作为经济利益的供给,此项工资收入是要课税的。但是,如果所提供的经济利益,是满足员工等为执行业务而所必须的条件的话,那么此项收入就作为非课税工资被处理。

例如,向员工作为交际费所支付的金钱,如果是在执行业务上所须的费用的话,对员工来讲这个收入就不能是课税所得。

商务需要PCR检查的情况

在新型冠状病毒流行期间海外出差,有些国家和地区,没有阴性证明就不能获得入境许可或不能免除自主隔离。在这种情况下,需要接受PCR检查等。另外,如果到感染蔓延比较严重的国家或地区去出差,出差者并不知道自己在当地已被感染,回公司后继续工作的话,有可能引发公司内部集体感染而导致业务停滞,是有一定风险的。为防止万一让员工做PCR检查,这应该是所有经营者的共同心声吧。

在这种情况下,如果所公司承担部分员工的PCR检查费用,虽属于经济利益的供给,但由于是执行业务所必须的,因此不能算是员工的课税所得。

如果没有医生等的判断就进行检查,其费用基本上是自己负担的,但是如果公司承担了部分员工的检查费用,并所承担的费用得到认可,是为执行业务所必须的情况下,则不能算课税所得。

但是,如果公司仅承担其责任者(执行议员)的PCR检查费用,作为执行务所必须的费用有没被认可时,不但在计算法人税上,不能作为公司扣除项,而且还会作为执行议员个人收入,被课税。这就是所谓的双重打击,一定要引起注意。

一般员工的PCR检查费用由公司承担而不被认可的情况下,员工会被征收工资所得税,但是公司的作为经费是被认可的,这一点有很大的不同。

例如,不分董事和员工,对所有员工进行PCR检查,会提高作为“福利费”被认可的可能性吧!

阴性证明书的发行费用也一样

如上所述,海外出差时需要的阴性证明书,其发行费用和检查费用是分开产生的。公司承担的这些发行费用,和检查费用一样,被认可为执行业务所必要的,就不征收工资收入的所得税。

即使不是去国外出差,例如客户要求出示阴性证明书,如果不出示的话无法进行商谈等情况也可以说是执行业务所必须的条件。

无论在哪种情况下都要保管收据等,不要忘记注明为什么需要PCR检查和阴性证明书的发行。

新型冠状病毒感染对确定申报的影响

首先

去年,受新型冠状病毒感染症的影响,延长了所得税、赠与税、个人事业主的消费税确定申报期限,今年会怎么样呢。

去年确定申告期限延长了一个月

去年由于新型冠状病毒感染症的扩大,所得税、赠与税的确定申报期限延长了1个月(个人事业主的消费税延长了大约2周),截止到4月16日。东日本大地震后,以受灾者等为对象延长了申报期限的先例是有的,但全国统一延长申报期限却是史上第一次采取的措施。

另外,对于难以在4月16日之前进行申报的人,4月17日以后提交确定申告书的,也不会作为期限后申告来处理,采取了灵活的对应措施。

现在还没有进行2019年的确定申告的人,在进行2020年的确定申告之前,如果进行2019年的确定申告的话,也可以作为期限内申告来处理(和2020年的同时也可以) 。

今年会怎么样呢

这是在第二次紧急事态宣言发布之前的信息,为了缓解税务局内的确定申告会场混乱,需要“入场券”。不是当天在各个会场分发,而是可以通过LINE提前拿到入场券。

另外,国税厅也正在研究对策,比如可以通过电话或聊天等方式进行确定申告。虽然需要花钱,但是如果委托税理士事务所申报的话,就没有必要自己去税务局了,这也响应了防止感染扩大的对策。如果身边有亲人或朋友一直自己申报的话,就告知一下吧!

关于申报期限

如上所述,在确定申告期限之前难以申报的,申报期限被延长目前是一样的。因此,说到底这只是我个人的看法,应该也会像去年一样,全国统一延长申报期限吧。原则上的确定申报期限是3月15日(个人事业主的消费税确定申告是3月31日),说到底是因为个别情况无法在期限内申告的情况下,允许延长申告期限的灵活方式。

所谓申报期限被延长

根据个别申请延长申报期限的情况,国税厅的主页上登录的内容如下。

进行税务代理等的税务师(包括事务所的职员)感染了新型冠状病毒感染症的情况
根据紧急事态宣言等,以全面减少接触机会为目标,要求各都道府县内外禁止移动,因此税务理士无法访问相关部门时
纳税人感染了新型冠状病毒感染症,或与新型冠状病毒感染症患者有过密切接触的事实时

即使是除此之外的理由,也有通过个别申请而延长其申报期限的情况。不必冒着被新型冠状病毒感染的危险,3月15日(个人事业主的消费税是3月31日)之前必须完成确定申告,要根据每个人的情况在可能的范围内进行对应。

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