NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2021.10.26

什么是发票制度?

首先

随着发票制度的导入,扣除进项税额的方式将发生重大变化。

什么是发票制度?

发票制度跟以往的进项税额扣除方式有很大不同,该制度下只允许在政府机关注册的经营者发行发票,并且买方在依法保存发票的情况下才允许扣除进项税额。如果从未经注册的经营者里征税采购,那么原则上不能扣除进项税额。

比如说,在现行制度中购买价值1000日元的消耗品时支付的100日元消费税可以从本公司收到的销售消费税中扣除,然后把扣除后的金额作为消费税交给国家。这样支付的消费税可以从收到的消费税中扣除,叫做进项税额扣除。目前,不管卖方是否注册,都可以享受扣除。

但是导入发票制度后,如果消耗品的供应商不是注册的经营者,就不能扣除该进项税额。即使支付了100日元的消费税,也不能从收到的销售消费税中扣除。

这个发票制度从令和5年10月1日开始导入,适用于该日期以后进行的交易。

概要

发票制度正式被称为合格账单保存方式。所谓合格申请书(发票),是指需要在发票上向买方传达正确的适用税率和消费税额等信息。包括卖方的登录号码和消费税额等一定事项的文件和电子数据。
【记载事项】

  1. 合格开票经营者的姓名或名称
  2. 注册编号
  3. 应税资产等的转让日期
  4. 应税资产转让等相关资产或劳务的内容
  5. 不含税价格或含税价格按税率分类合计的金额及适用税率
  6. 按税率划分的消费税额等
  7. 接受文件的经营者的姓名或名称

与过去的不同

当前采用【区分记载请求书等保存方式】,相比较合格发票只能由注册为合格发票的经营者发行,【区分记载请求书】则是无论是谁都可以发行。即使是向不用缴纳消费税的免税经营者支付,也可以适用采购税额扣除。另外,如果买方要求,卖方有义务发行合格申请书(发票)。可是在现行制度下,没有开具发票的义务。

令和元年10月~令和5年9月 令和5年10月~
税率 标准税率10% 轻减税率8%
请求书等 区分记载请求书等的保存 合格申请书(发票)等的保存
帐簿 保存记载有必要事项的帐簿

开始注册合格的开票人

首先

从今年10月1日开始办理发行【合格账单保存方式】经营者的注册手续。

注册申请手续的概要

希望注册为合格发票开具企业的经营者,需要向相关税务局负责人提交一份《合格发票开具企业注册申请书》。

只有缴纳消费税的企业才有资格注册。例如,前2个事业年度的销售额一年不满1000万日元的免税企业,或刚刚成立的企业,都没有资格注册。但是,现在即使是免税的,将来有望成为消费税征税企业,也可以在现在提交申请书。

从申请到登记的流程和提交期限

提交“适用申请书发行经营者的登记申请书”后,将由所属税务局进行审查,如果登记被批准,将被通知并公布登记号码。

注册申请从令和3年10月1日开始受理,为了从令和5年10月1日开始获得注册,原则上需要令和5年3月31日之前提交注册申请书。在一定的情况下,注册申请书的提交期限会延长到令和5年6月30日,但基本上要记住到令和5年3月31日为止。

登记申请书除了邮寄之外,还可以利用e-Tax提交。通过邮寄提交注册申请书时的发送地址是各个国税局的“发票登记中心”。

免税经营者切换到征税经营者的好处/缺点

如上所述,只有在消费税征税企业登记的经营者才允许发行发票。以下是目前消费税免税经营者切换到征税经营者的利弊总结。

免税经营者的好处是,不需要进行消费税和发票处理相关的事务工作。

另一方面,坏处是因为无法请求到目前为止加在销售上的消费税,所以销售额将减少。

另外,客户为了享受进项税额的扣除,有可能考虑更换供应商。这是因为,选择能够获得相同数额税收抵免的供应商是一个理性的决定。

简易课税制度的探讨也很有价值

前2个事业年度的销售额在5000万日元以下的情况下,也可以选择利用简易课税制度。

因为属于征税经营者,所以会产生消费税的纳税,但是简易征税制度是以销售额为基础计算抵扣进项税额的。也就是说,不用根据进项税发票计算。为了减轻进项税额扣除的事务负担,一起探讨使用简易课税制度吧。

2022年的税制改革要求已经敲定

首先

通过查看各部委提出的修改税收制度的要求,即使没有实现修订,您也可以了解每个部门和机构的想法。

2022年度税制改正要求

各省厅汇总的2022年度税制改正要求已经全部公示了。经济产业省以①开放创新和发展关键的数字基础设施,以加快新的业务重组(更多针对大公司)、②支持中小型企业继续和发展,以应对新型冠状病毒灾难的经济形势等要求扩大开放创新促进税制以及延长适用期限,延长少额折旧资产的特例措施等。

金融厅希望金融所得税一体化

自民党总裁选举中也成为热门话题的关于金融收入的征税,金融厅也对此提出了要求。具体而言,作为“金融所得税一体化”,希望将现在上市股票、公开募股投信、特定公社债券、公开募公债券投信认可的损益总计范围扩大到衍生商品交易、存款等。虽说都叫金融商品,但是目前的现状是根据内容征税的方法不同,而金融厅希望将此一视同仁。

经济产业省支援中小企业提高生产率

经济产业省旨在通过减轻受新型冠状病毒困扰的中小企业的负担以及通过数字化等提高业务效率和工作效率来提高生产力。 要求根据公司经营环境的变化和响应状态等实际情况采取必要措施。

另外,还要求“延长交际费课税的特例措施”、“关于法人版、个人版事业继承税制的讨论”等。

也有减轻固定资产税负担的要求

国土交通省还要求减轻固定资产税的负担,关于“土地相关的固定资产税”,根据社会经济形势、地价动向等,进行必要的讨论,希望采取一定的措施。在2021年度税制改革中,基于新型冠状病毒感染症的影响,对2021年因重估而增加税额的土地,采取措施保持2020年的税额不变。

另一方面,虽然经济仍然处于困境,但是2021年将不会有这样的措施,以地价大幅上涨的地点为中心,预计固定资产税负担会增加,因此通过交通省提出了这样的要求。

另外,关于住宅方面,希望将在2021年度末迎来适用期限的“住宅贷款减税”、“住宅取得金等相关的赠与税非课税措施”、“认定住宅的投资型减税等”采取延长等措施。另外,审计署指出,其中关于“住宅贷款减税”,每年的住宅贷款扣除额超过了住宅贷款支付利息额,很有可能得到修改。

不知道这里列举的所有项目是否都能反映到2022年度税制改革中。这次介绍的只是各省厅的要求。预计12月将发表汇总了实际修改可能性高的项目的税制改正大纲。

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  • Russell Bedford
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