NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2022.02.28

将公司车辆用于个人用途会怎么样呢

首先

公司名下的汽车本应该100%用于公司业务,假如社长的妻子出于个人目的使用该汽车就会产生税务问题。

过去曾在国税法庭有过争议

以公司名义购买的汽车当然必须 100% 用于公司业务。如果私下使用会出现什么样的问题?

在某个案例中,作为100%股东的A先生的妻子将B公司名义注册的车辆100%用于个人用途,与之相关的费用被国家税务机关拒绝,并成为法庭争论的要点。

本案中,A是B公司的实际所有人,其妻子既不是B公司的董事也不是雇员。因此,A先生的妻子使用B公司的车属于100%的个人使用。

顺便一提,车子交付后存放在A先生的家中,在经销商处登记的联系电话是A先生妻子的手机号码。

从这样的情况来看,B公司名义上的车并没有用于B公司的业务,购买汽车的费用是A先生的董事工资(不算损失金)。

国税法庭的判决是

但是,国税法庭认为购买汽车的费用不符合董事工资的条件。

虽然A先生的妻子私下使用B公司名义的车,但不能说B公司向A先生和他的妻子赠送了该汽车。

另一方面,汽车税、汽车购置税、汽车重量税、给经销商的手续费等属于董事奖金,不计入损失金额。另外,A先生应该向B公司支付一定的使用费,但是因为没有支付,所以这个使用费相当于董事工资(但由于它是每月固定的费用,所以全额算进损失金)。

在税务调查中,被税务局要求将车辆的购置成本被要求作为董事的奖金时,就可以使用这类法院判决来进行反论。

个人"偶尔 "使用的情况下

在上述例子中,A先生的妻子将B公司名下的汽车100%用于个人使用,但如果社长的妻子 "偶尔"使用公司名下的汽车,会怎么样呢?

税务调查指出,这种情况也同样,需要支付个人使用费。如果一部分用于业务的话,就需要计算业务用途和个人用途的比例。

如何按分计算是根据具体情况而定的,企业经营者至少应该有这么一个印象:当个人使用企业名义汽车时有可能受到税务调查。

请再次注意名义存款

首先

在继承问题上,祖父母对孙子的美好愿望适得其反的情况并不少见。 让我们再看一下名义存款。

首先什么是“名义存款”?

名义存款是指祖父母或父母 "有意 "捐赠给孙子或孩子的存款。 关键是,虽然捐赠者认为这是一个赠与,但在法律上并不成立赠与,当祖父母或父母去世后,将成为父母的继承财产。

由于这些存款并非正式以去世的祖父母或父母的名义存在,因此可能会在遗产税申报表中遗漏,并且经常在税务调查中被指出。然后,除了遗产税本身,还会征收滞纳金和少报税等处罚。

根据民法第549条对赠与的相关规定,只有赠与者(赠与者)和接受赠与者(受赠者)双方有意愿表示才能成立。即使赠送者想赠送,如果受赠者不接受的话,也不会生效。

虽说给孙子或孩子的存款账户汇款了,但也有贷款或转帐的可能性,不一定是赠与。

没有孙子和孩子的同意是不行的

通常情况下,祖父们会以孙子的名义在银行账户中存钱。
在大多数情况下,孙子们自己甚至不知道这个账户的存在,而祖父是唯一能控制这个账户的人,包括保管存折和印章。 自然,这被认为是一个名义上的存款。

为了避免这种情况,重要的是要有一份书面赠与协议。 在赠与协议上加盖名字和印章,将有证据证明捐赠人已经接受了赠与。 让捐赠者的名字用自己的笔迹写出来,而不是在电脑上打出来,会成为更可靠的证据。

另外,赠送的钱由受赠者管理也很重要。因为被赠与的钱是受赠者的东西,所以那个存款账户的存折、印章、现金卡当然必须由受赠者管理。必须避免赠送者管理存折和现金卡,受赠者不能自由支配金钱的情况。

捐赠者管理好赠与的资金也很重要。因为钱属于捐赠人,银行账户的存折,印章和现金卡必须由捐赠人保管。重要的是,要避开现在捐献者控制着银行存款和现金卡,而受赠者无法接触到钱的情况。在捐赠协议上写上自己名字也很难的年龄,或不能管理现金卡年龄的孙子,是否不能捐赠?

在这种情况下,有亲权的父母在捐赠协议写上自己的名字并管理银行账户是没有问题的。 通过允许监护人管理银行账户,直到孙子达到成年年龄,就有可能在孙子还小的时候进行捐赠。

但是,成人以后自己的财产应该自己管理,成人年龄从2022年4月开始变成18岁(现在是20岁),这点需要注意。

转让审批机构有哪些?

首先

如果转让审批机构是“代表董事”,存在很大的法律风险。那么怎么办才好呢。

概要

除了控股的社长以外,持有公司股份的股东对控股社长不喜欢的人或公司进行股份出售时,如果在章程中规定了“关于股份转让限制的规定”,可以暂时防止擅自买卖。

如果想阻止不受欢迎的人或公司成为股东,你必须在提交批准转让的请求后两周内通知对方以下内容

  • 不赞成不受欢迎的人或公司成为股东。
  • 本公司或指定买主(老板、社长等)购买

如果没有在两周内发出这些通知,转让将被视为得到批准,不受欢迎的人或公司将不可避免地成为股东。 这两周的时间非常重要,但如果转让的批准机构是股东大会或董事会,问题是召开股东大会或董事会通过不批准的决议需要一周时间。

尽管需要①通过不同意的决议②在两个星期的短时期内发出购买通知,但召开会议需要一个星期,这是一个大问题。

能提前举办期间吗

根据《公司法》,原则上,股东大会和董事会会议的通知必须至少提前一周发出,但如果公司章程规定的时间更短,则可以缩短。

可以修改公司章程,允许在上述不批准的情况下召开股东(董事会)大会,例如,提前3天通知,但通常必须提前一周通知。

也可以修改公司章程,规定如果至少提前一天发出通知,就可以召开会议,但如果通知时间极短,法院可能很难做出决定,所以最好留出几天时间。

作为一个公司的对策 也有必要提前考虑

如上所述,即使不将转让批准机构设为董事长,在2周的有限时间内流动性也会提高。

同样非常重要的是,要事先考虑如何处理股东可能要求批准转让的可能性。

如果完全没有预料到这种情况,可能会发现很难平静地应对突然提交的批准转让的请求。

未来是否有股东因继承等原因考虑出售,如果有谁将以多少资金进行购买,最好预先进行一些准备。

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  • Russell Bedford
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