NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2022.05.26

即使是杂项收入也需要保存收据

首先

工薪阶层也进入了副业和兼职的时代,对于这些收入如何征税这一点备受瞩目。

副业和兼职基本上是杂项收入

工薪阶层通过副业和兼职获得的收入是属于事业收入还是属于杂项收入一直存在争议。今后,还需要注意区分杂项收入中的 "与应产生杂项收入的业务有关的杂项收入"和 "其他杂项收入"。

根据本次的修改,杂项收入在实际业务上被整理成“公共养老金等杂项收入”、“ 与应产生杂项收入的业务有关的杂项收入”、“ 与应产生杂项收入的业务有关的杂项收入以外的杂项收入”三个类别。这次新设立的“与应产生杂项收入的业务有关的杂项收入”,基本上是将副业和兼职收入为目的。也就是说,工资所得者和事业所得者通过与本职收入不同的业务获得的副业、兼职收入,除了其副业、兼职收入超过本职收入等罕见情况外,还相当于“与应产生杂项收入的业务有关的杂项收入”。

类型 具体例子
公共养老金等杂项收入 国民养老金和厚生养老金
与应产生杂项收入的业务有关的杂项收入 稿费、演讲费、副业、兼职收入
其他杂项收入 个人养老金、虚拟货币交易等

收入超过300万日元需要保存收据

在事业所得方面,从以前开始就有义务保存收据。另一方面,关于杂项收入,到现在为止没有保存记账文件和收据的义务。

前一年的与业务(副业等)相关的收入金额超过300万日元时,保存收据就成为一种义务。严格来说,需要保存“与现金存款交易等相关文件”。

所谓与现金存款交易等相关文件,是指自己开具或从客户等处收到的发票和收据等单据,根据对现金的收付,储蓄的存入和提取的动向制作而成的文件。由于该修正适用于2022年以后的所得税,因此在两年前的2020年业务相关收入超过300万日元时,必须保存该“与现金存款交易等相关文件”。

也就是说,2020年的业务相关收入超过300万日元,需要处理今年已经进行的交易。明年进行今年的确定申告时,才开始收集收据等的话,很有可能来不及。

另外,请注意300万日元的金额不是所得而是收入。

如果上一年的收入在300万日元以下的话,和以前一样

如果上一年的业务收入低于300万日元,就没有必要保存收据等“与现金存款交易等相关文件”。 尽管如此,这是证明自己确定申告内容的珍贵资料,所以最好保存。

要求客户转换为征税经营者时的注意事项

首先

发票制度开始后,对免税经营者的支付不能适用消费税的进项税额扣除,因此要求成为应税经营者的事例增加了,但也有需要注意的地方。

注意反垄断法和分包法

以2023年10月1日开始的消费税发票制度为契机,考虑审查与免税企业的交易条款和条件的公司增加了。对免税经营者的支付不能适用消费税的进项税额扣除,从某种意义上来说可以说是理所当然的趋势。

3月8日,财政部和公平贸易委员会等公布了部分修订后的“免税经营者及其商业伙伴对发票制度的对应Q&A”。该Q&A是今年1月才公布,追加了要求客户转换为应税企业的做法违反反垄断法的理念。

《反垄断法》是禁止“滥用议价优势”等不公平交易手段利用优势议价地位在交易中不公平地使对方处于不利地位的法律。此外,《分包法》作为《反垄断法》的补充,规范了母企业对分包商的不公平待遇。

具体的禁止事项

具体来说,首先,根据《反垄断法》,要求免税商业伙伴成为应税企业本身不被认为是一个问题。 然而,应该注意的是,不仅要求商业伙伴成为应税企业,而且单方面通知商业伙伴,如果它不成为应税企业,交易价格将被降低,或者如果它不遵守要求,交易将被终止,这可能会引起《反垄断法》和《分包合同法》的问题。

例如,如果供应商要求维持交易价格,但没有以书面或电子邮件的方式答复,说明降低价格的原因,会成为问题。

形式上的交涉NG

因此,在与免税企业伙伴重新谈判交易价格等时,应进行充分的协商,并注意不要仅仅为了方便购买方而设定较低的价格。

可能触犯《反垄断法》问题的具体案例。例如,"如果不成为发票经营者(应税经营者),就无法支付消费税。 如果不同意,我们将重新考虑今后的交易。”用这样的语句进行请求, 或不回应价格谈判,

问题的关键不是买方单方面降低价格,而是双方协商后同意的适当价格的谈判。伴随着进项税额扣除的限制,反映了买方负担增加的金额,但如果价格是经过协商并征得双方同意,包括综合考虑交易条件和原材料成本等各种因素而确定的,根据《反垄断法》,基本上不存在问题。

最终,公平贸易委员会将根据具体情况决定是否合法。 为避免滥用买方的地位,制定片面的价格等,请与供应商协商,并牢记双方必须对交易感到满意。

对乌克兰的捐款处理

首先

检查对乌克兰的捐赠的税务处理也很重要,因为这取决于捐赠的目的地。

捐赠金额约为50亿日元

据报道,俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后,乌克兰驻日本大使馆于 2 月 25 日开设了专门的捐款账户,就收到了15万人以上的捐款,截止到3月7日,捐款金额达到了40亿日元。4月1日,乌克兰驻日本大使科尔孙斯基在记者会上透露,乌克兰驻日本大使馆捐款金额达50亿日元,虽然汇款的在慢慢减少,但不少捐款仍在汇往乌克兰驻日本大使馆。

乐天公司总裁三木谷的个人捐款10亿日元也引起了关注。

在其他团体也有募集捐款的活动中,能在向乌克兰捐款的税制上享受优惠吗。能否获得捐赠扣除,取决于捐赠机构。

就所得税而言,只有在寄附方的团体符合 "特定捐赠 "的条件时才能享受优惠的税收待遇。 具体而言,国家和地方公共机构、财政部长指定的公共利益法人协会、经授权的非营利组织等都有资格获得特定的捐赠,有必要检查捐赠是否属于这些类别之一。

例如,作为向乌克兰捐赠团体之一的日本红十字会,由于该团体属于特定公益增进法人,所以可以作为扣除对象。另一方面,在开头向在日乌克兰大使馆捐赠的情况下,所得税法第78条第2项第1号规定的“国家”不包括外国,最终的捐赠目的地是国外,所以不属于扣除对象。

也就是说,即使捐款给乌克兰,向乌克兰驻日本大使馆的捐款,就不享受税制上的优惠措施。

所得扣除和税额扣除的有利选择

另外,关于捐赠的扣除额,如果捐赠的团体是“认定NPO法人等”、“公益社团法人等”等,捐赠者可以选择将所得税减免作为捐赠扣除,或将税收减免作为特殊捐赠扣除,以更有利的方式进行。

扣除金额为 "捐赠总额-2,000日元"(最多为收入的40%),用于抵扣所得税;"(捐赠总额-2,000日元)×40%"(最多为收入的25%)。另外,符合特定捐赠金的其他团体有日本联合国儿童基金会、联合国UNHCR协会、救助儿童会等。

法人的情况是根据资本金和收入来判断的

法人支付的一般捐赠可根据法人的资本等和收入的数额在一定范围内扣除。

因此,即使是对乌克兰大使馆的捐赠也可能被扣除。 然而,请注意,对于没有大量资本或收入的公司,很大一部分捐赠可能无法扣除。

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