NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2022.07.04

根据路线地价进行财产评估,确定纳税人败诉

首先

在计算遗产税时,通常根据路线地价评估房地产。然而在路线估价被否定的这种情况下,格外引人注目。

案件概要

在本案中,作为共同继承人的上诉人对继承的房地产(房地产甲和房地产乙)按《财产估价基本通知》规定的路线地价评估金额进行了遗产税申报。 然而,札幌南税务署长表示,"根据该通知的规定对该房产进行估价是非常不合适",并发布了纠正措施,理由是该房产应根据该通知6项的鉴定评估值进行估价。

因此,上诉人要求取消纠正措施是事情的开端。东京地方法院和东京高等法院均批准了该通知6项的适用,并支持国家政府的评估价值,上诉人向最高法院提出上诉。

※财产评价基本通知6项
根据该通知的规定,被认为不适合评价的财产的价值将根据国税厅厅长的指示进行评价。

在本案中,被继承人在继承开始前用银行贷款购买了甲房地产·乙房地产,期待着这将减少预计在不久将来发生的被继承人继承相关的遗产税负担,所以特意进行了企划和执行。另外,由于2栋共计不到14亿日元的甲房地产、乙房地产的购买和银行贷款,基于路边地价的甲房地产、乙房地产总地价评估值基于地价约3亿3370万日元,不到购买额的四分之一,应用债务减免,遗产税的申报金额为0日元。

甲房地产 乙房地产
购买价格 8亿3700万日元 5亿5000万元
销售价格 未出售 5亿1500万元
路边地价评估额 2亿4000万日元 1亿3366万元
鉴定评估额 7亿5400万元 5亿1900万元

要点

在这一判决中,法院接受了基于适用该通知6项的评估价值的采用,因为考虑到被继承人和上诉人的行为都是为了节省税收,如购买房产和银行借款。 根据这一判断,仅仅是房产的评估价值和鉴定价值与路边地价有较大偏差是不够的,还需要考虑被继承人和其他当事人在适用该通知6项时的节税意图和行为。

另外,按路边地价对房地产进行估价是常见的做法,如果只在某些情况下不允许按路边地价进行估价,则有悖于平等原则。 然而,也有人表示,允许避税就不那么公平了,在这种情况下,平等原则并没有被违反。

在本判决中,虽然期待着该通知6项明确的适用标准,但遗憾的是,没有提及可称为具体标准的内容。 如果制定明确的标准,可能会导致在满足标准的情况下允许节税。 最后,仍然很难读懂哪里是安全的,哪里是不安全的,包括这一点在内,不得不说是国税方面的胜利。

节税以外的小额资产特例今后也适用

首先

由于利用小型折旧资产(如无人机和建筑工地上使用的脚手架等)的节税和避税活动猖獗,利用这些资产的节税方案被2022年的税制改革所阻止。

改正内容

2022年税改中,为了降低利润,将大量收购本公司不使用的小型资产(无人机、建筑脚手架、LED等),然后将收购的资产借给其他公司。针对猖獗的节税方案,对包括小额折旧资产购置成本扣除制度在内的三项制度所涵盖的资产范围进行了修订。

  • 将小型可折旧资产的购置成本纳入可扣除费用的制度(原价不足10万日元的折旧资产可以立即摊销的制度)
  • 将一次性折旧资产纳入可扣除费用的制度(对于未满20万日元的折旧资产,可以按1/3进行折旧的制度)
  • 关于中小型企业的小型可折旧资产的购置成本列入可扣除费用的特例(原价不足30万日元的折旧资产可以立即摊销的制度)

具体来说,在4月1日或之后获得的 "用于租赁的资产 "被排除在上述制度之外。 但是,"作为主要业务为租赁 "依旧可以适用。

“作为主要业务进行的贷款“是指

当一项赁属于 "当租赁作为主要业务 "而不被排除在相应计划所涵盖的资产之外时,其标准是什么?

具体而言,在正常商业活动过程中提供的租赁似乎将属于 "作为主要业务提供的租赁 "的范畴,并将继续符合左边列出的三项计划中的每一项。 只有以节税、避税等为目的的贷款才有可能从上述的每个制度中被排除。

除此之外,例如,以子公司缺乏资金等理由,母公司购买资产,将其借给子公司的情况,也属于“作为主要业务进行的租赁”,成为各制度的适用对象。

为了不被认为是以节税、避税等为目的

如上所述,不以节税、避税等为目的,在通常的事业活动中进行的贷款相当于“作为主要业务进行的租赁”。

因此,为了利用上述各制度,千万不要被误解为以节税、避税等为目的。

尽管是在通常的事业活动中进行的租赁,但被认为是节税、避税的目的,被判断为不属于制度的适用对象是很可惜的。

在将利用上述各制度的资产借给其他公司时,一定要用文件记录为什么需要进行这样的交易等。

处理固定资产取得后收到的补助金

首先

即使是好不容易得到的补助金,如果对全额马上征收公司税,无法从补助金中获得多少好处。

为了避免那样的事态,我们来研究一下压缩记帐吧。

项目重组补助金是压缩登记的对象

基本上,公司税是对法人实体从国家或地方当局获得的补贴和补助进行征收。 仅仅因为它们是补贴或赠款,并不意味着它们可以免于征税。

原则上,记录补贴和赠款收入的时间是 "确定收入权利的财政年度",具体来说是 "支付决定日所属的财政年度"。

事业重组补助金的情况下,虽然有经费填补的性质,但是相当于必要经费的补助金的入账不是支付决定日。始终通过提交辅助事业实绩报告书的设备投资等费用的收据等,事务局确认支付的适当性等,在确定辅助金额后入款、结算。

因此,如果授予决定的日期和最终确定授予金额的日期之间存在差异,事业重组补助金授予的收入将在最终确定授予金额的日期的财政年度记录。

请注意,如果费用是在X财政年度发生的,而赠款金额是在X+1财政年度最终确定的,整个赠款将在X+1财政年度记录为收入,并构成企业所得税的应税收入。

什么是压缩登记

压缩记帐是一种延迟对未来补助金收入征税的制度。

原则上,补助金作为杂项收入在支付决定日全额成为公司税的应税收入。但是,通过利用这个压缩记帐,可以避免征收“收到补助金的财政年度”的公司税。从长远来看,应该支付的税金是一样的,但是可以防止收到补助金后马上对其全额征收公司税的情况。

但是,原则上可以适用该压缩记帐的是取得固定资产等的情况。请注意,如果获得了补助金但没有获得固定资产,则可能无法应用压缩记帐。

即使有期偏差也可以适用压缩记账

接受补助金等的交付,而补助金用于的固定资产是在该财政年度购置的,在确定不需要返还该补助金等的财政年度中,可以适用压缩记账。

法令上明确规定,如果符合条件的固定资产是在授予决定日所在的财政年度之前的一个财政年度购置的,那么该固定资产也有资格获得减值的条目。 同样的处理方式已经允许了一段时间,这次的修改被明文化了。

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