NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2023.05.01

引人注目「电子发票」

首先

电子发票是发票的电子数据,应如何处理? 本节解释,包括与电子帐簿保存法有关的内容。

从2024年开始实施电子账簿保存法

从今年10月起,通过电子邮件收到发票为电子发票,属于电子帐簿保存的方法,因为它符合电子交易的交易信息。 这意味着,它们将被要求以电子形式存储。

到2023年12月末为止输出的书面保存也被认可,但是2024年1月以后需要用电子数据保存。根据电子帐簿保存法,必须以满足保存条件的形式保存电子发票,例如确保搜索功能的要件等。

与 2023 年税制改革的关系

但是,根据2023年度税制修改,如果税务调查能够满足电子数据的下载要求,如果符合以下条件之一,可以不要求确保搜索功能而储存数据。

A:上一个财政年度的销售额在5000万日元以下
B:能够对应于输出文本的提示

因此,对于年销售额在5000万日元以下的经营者,可以减轻电子交易相关的电子账簿保存法的影响。

另外,管辖税务署长承认不能按照保存条件保存电子数据有相当的理由,在税务调查中可以接受电子数据的下载要求以及输出文本的提示,那么保留要求本身将不再是必要的。

认定有合理理由不能保存电子数据的具体案例尚未明确,但将在日后进行梳理。

消费税法上输出书面文件OK

消费税法允许以输出文件的形式存储电子发票。

这一政策预计在2023年税制改革后不会改变。因此,2024年1月以后,用输出文本保存电子发票在电子账簿保存法上是NG的,在消费税法上是OK的。

在这种情况下,可以说年销售额在5000万日元以下的小企业,如果所有文件都像以前一样以书面形式保存,就不太可能出现问题。

另一方面,对于年销售额超过 5000 万日元的企业,有必要查看具体的例子,确认有合理的理由不能保存电子数据。等有超过5000万企业而无法按照电子保存法来进行保存的具体的案例后,在进行说明。

无论如何,如果电子数据存储的推广会大大提高生产力和增加公司利润,那么企业经营者很可能会积极进行设备投资,但只要这种情况不确定,预计中小型企业将难以应对。

卖方负担手续费的发票对应

首先

银行的汇款手续费有时由买方承担,有时由卖方承担。买方负担没有特别的问题,但是如果卖方负担在发票的手续上会有点麻烦,所以请看一下吧。

买方负担没有问题

发票由卖方交付给买方,有两种可能的模式:要么直接记入发票金额,要么扣除转账费用后记入差额。

在前一种情况下,买方承担了向银行的转账费用,而在后一种情况下,卖方实际上承担了这笔费用。 从发票的角度来看,买方承担的转账费用不会造成任何问题,因为持票人和付款人是一样的。

另一方面,卖方实际负担的转账费没有发票,因为持票人和付款人不同。

例:卖方交付一张含税11,000日元的发票,买方在扣除660日元(含税)的转账费用后,向银行汇出10,340日元。
买方扣除的660日元的转让费由买方支付给银行,但实际上是卖方负担的状态。尽管如此,卖方手里没有转让费的发票。
→ 也就是说,买方不能对60日元适用进项税额扣除。

打折等情况下的原则处理

由于这个原因,发票制度规定了在打折等情况下,有义务交付一张说明折扣等金额和消费税金额的返还发票。

消费税关注两点:哪些商品和服务是什么,谁享受这些商品和服务。 在前面的例子中,给银行的660日元的转账费用是买方从银行得到的服务。

卖方不需要为买方产生的那笔费用支付=折扣,所以原则上应该开具返还发票而不是发票。

然而,为银行收取几百日元的费用准备一张返还发票是一件很烦所的事。

根据2023年度税制改革的重新评估

针对这样的课题,2023年度税制修改大纲提出了修改少额合格发票的交付义务。

考虑到经营者的实际业务,从减轻事务负担的观点出发,关于含税不足1万日元的少额折扣等,免除合格发票的交付义务。

实务上的处理另当别论

就消费税而言,如上所述,这被认为是一种折扣,但在实践中,许多企业可能将销售额记录为11,000日元,并将660日元的转帐费作为支付手续费和杂费等支出项目。

在此过程中,卖方不存在与实际承担的支付手续费有关的发票,该交易不能成为发票的保存义务省略的对象。

虽然不太可能因为会计处理方式的不同,而被否认扣除进项税额,但重要的是要牢记,这是万一的规则。

如何与新的银行打交道

首先

如果你想和一家新银行开始交易,你应该如何联系他们。我来介绍一下最好控制的方法。

要避免的方面

无论是做主银行,还是从多家银行贷款,都需要在开始之前了解新银行。 那么,应该如何联系新银行?

不应该做的第一件事是跳进一家没有存款账户的银行,突然申请贷款。 从银行的角度来看,这样的首次客户看起来就像是在多家银行申请贷款,被拒绝后又跳到自己的银行。一旦被这样看待,更有可能不被认真对待,所以必须小心。

因此,最好不要采取这种措施。 那么,如何才能做到这一点呢? 有几种方法来了解新银行,最简单的是在附近的银行分行开一个存款账户。

在附近的分店开设账户

如果法人和个人事业主为了到分行申请银行的存款账户,当场开户的情况也极为罕见。一旦在柜台与你交谈后,就会有银行代表与你联系,并前往公司的事务所。

在开设存款账户之前,银行一般会拜访公司的事务所,确认是否有业务的实际情况。同时,与经营者面谈,决定是不是没有问题的人。

如果开设空壳商业公司的银行账户,它可能被用于欺诈、洗钱或其他犯罪,或作为反社会力量的账户,这可能会导致以后的问题。所以其目的是排除这样的风险。

如果能顺利开设存款账户,并且那个银行职员是积极销售的人,可趁这个机会谈论贷款。这是因为新公司开立存款账户是银行获得新客户群的一个机会。

很多银行对在外面转的客户银行职员征收获得新贷款的定额。访问事务所的银行职员大多是在外客户的担当,寻找可以新融资的公司。

如果一家公司跳到一家新的银行申请贷款,他们不会被认真对待,但在这种情况下,银行职员开始和公司谈贷款。 如果银行愿意给公司贷款,那么贷款的事情就更容易推进了。

有他人的介绍是安全的

从熟人和专家那里介绍银行也是取得联系的方法之一。如果是和自己的银行有交易的人介绍的话就比较有成功率。

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  • Russell Bedford
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