NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2023.06.27

固定资产税特例措施启动

首先

2023年度税制改革中创立了固定资产税的特例措施。Q&A公布了关于固定资产税特例措施,我们来看看其内容吧。其主要是企业如给员工加薪及宣布,其固定资产税的征税标准将以3分之1,最长为5年来位准。

减轻固定资产税的征税标准

2023年度税制改革中创立了“为了提高生产率和增加工资的中小企业设备投资的固定资产税特例措施”。 符合条件的是资本金1亿日元以下,并已获得先进设备引进计划批准的公司。但大企业的子公司等不符合这个措施,即便资本金1亿日元以下也不符合条件。针对独资经营者的员工人数如果不超过 1,000 人就可包括在内。

被批准引进先进设备计划的中小企业,如果符合一定条件,原则上对符合条件的机器设备的固定资产税课税标准可减轻到2分之1,为期3年。

符合条件的设备包括投资计划中所述的机器设备、测量工具、检查工具等,投资回报率不低于5%。

还要注意,要购买的资产必须是新的,二手资产不符合条件。 要求是预计年平均投资回报率为5%以上,年平均投资回报率是通过营业利润、折旧费的增加额、设备投资额来计算的。

年平均投资回报率=(营业利润+折旧费)的增加额/设备投资额

另外,如果将加薪方针定位在计划内并向员工表明,课税标准是3分之1,最长为5年。

即使未达标也不取消

如上所述,根据这项特例措施,如果公司向员工表明了加薪方针,再向市区町村申请引进先进设备的计划,并附上证明其已向员工宣布工资增长政策的文件,到2024年3月31日为止购买的设备以5年为期,到2025年3月31日为止购买的设备为4年为期,固定资产税的征税标准将减少3分之1。另外请注意,加薪是指员工工资总额的增加率达到1.5%以上。

Q&A的公布中,介绍了表明加薪方法的方式。如向全体员工发送电子邮件、在早会上口头说明、在公司公告栏和公司内部网站上刊登、以书面形式分发等。

另外,关于虽然表明了加薪方针,但实际无法实现所表明的加薪,Q&A认为“可能计划期间的经济形势导致工资无法如期加薪,仅此这一点是不会发生追纳税等”。也就是说,即使实际上没能提高表明的工资,也能得到固定资产税的减轻。

伪造的表明是NG

虽说最终没有实现加薪也能得到减轻固定资产税,但如果未向员工公布加薪方针的情况下提出申请,不可以申请固定资产税的减轻措施,所以这一点请务必注意。

关于铁路费用的入场券等回收特例

首先

关于铁路费用,为了适用进项税额扣除,除了接受发票的交付并保存以外,进行讨论只保存帐簿作为特例。铁路用户扣除与铁路费用相关的进项税额时,能否适用入场券等回收特例?

入场券等回收特例

可以不保存发票,通过在账簿上记载一定的事项作为扣除进项税额的特例有“入场券等回收特例”、“公共交通机关特例”和“差旅费特例”等。

入场券等回收特例,适用于使用带有简易发票信息的入场券等时被回收的交易。

新干线的车票和特急票在出站时在检票口被回收,会被认为可以适用入场券等回收特例,但这个特列仅限于带含有简易发票信息的入场券等情况。

顺便说一下,JR各公司运营的新干线等,车票和特急票上是没有记载简易发票信息的,而是在自动售票机和人工售票处领取与简易发票相对应的收据等。

因此,利用新干线等时,在检票口回收车票和特急票是没有记载简易发票的事项,是不属于入场券等回收特例。

总而言之,入场券等回收特例不能适用于新干线等的车票和特急票。

正确理解仅保存帐簿的特例

到目前为止,至少JR的车票和特急票等铁路费用,不属于入场券等回收特例的对象。因此,为了适用只保存账簿的特例,要考虑公共交通机关特例或差旅费特例。

关于这一点,一次交易金额3万日元以上,不能适用公共交通机关特例。还需要注意的是,当使用公司信用卡购票时,不属于此差旅费特例的对象,因为差旅费特例是以员工等垫付为前提才可以使用差旅费特例。根据具体情况,必须考虑怎么进行铁路费用的进项税额扣除相对应的费用报销操作。

下表显示了是否属于只保存铁路费用的账簿的特例。 对于非常复杂的差旅费特例,如上所述,使用公司信用卡或由公司直接购买车票等是X。

银行融资审查流程

首先

当从银行获得贷款时,需要接受审查。 银行的贷款审批程序是以审批系统为基础的,但这个过程是如何进行的?

确认申请的贷款在银行内经过怎样的过程被裁决吧。另外,最终决定是由总部而不是由分行经理做出的。

贷款申请流程

银行有客户部、贷款部、存款部。客户部在外面转营业,并接受贷款申请。贷款部审查贷款,存款部在分行窗口接受存款的出入金和汇款,并在分行内进行文书工作。 客户部和贷款部参与贷款审查过程。

首先,客户部职员接受公司的贷款申请。 对于那些没有在银行配备负责人的公司,贷款部职员也可以接受贷款申请。 通常接受申请的银行职员写出贷款的审批申请。

一些被视为分行内部重要客户的公司,分行经理或副经理可以直接接受贷款申请,在这种情况下,他们会被引导到负责的客户部或贷款部,并指示该职员写出贷款审批申请。

客户部职员写了贷款审批申请后,按照其主管领导、客户部长、贷款部、贷款部长的顺序传阅,分别在审批申请上加上批准或不批准的内容和意见。

如果贷款部职员写了贷款审批申请,则不会传给客户部和客户部长传阅。审批申请会被传到贷款部长后,就会被传给分行的二号人物副经理,然后再传给分行经理。

传阅者意见仅供参考

像这样贷款审批申请在银行内部由下往上传阅。

最后,分行经理会裁决是否可以贷款。但有时分行经理批准后,将其传给总部审查贷款的部门(如审查部门),然后由总部裁决。 在某些情况下,审批申请会被传给公司的董事和总裁。

即使中途传阅审批申请的人全都批准了贷款,但如果最终决策者拒绝贷款,贷款就会被拒绝,反之亦然。

也就是说,中途传阅的人的意见只是给最终决策者裁决时的参考。

最终裁决者是谁

最终决策者是分行经理、总行行长还是董事,是由银行内部规定决定。内部规定有以下标准,超过该标准,就由总行行长做出决定而不是分行经理。

(1) 贷款总额

不是此时审批的贷款金额,而是贷款发放后公司的贷款总额。公司的贷款总额越大,银行的坏账风险就越高,所以由总行做出决定。

(2) 企业信用等级

企业信用等级是银行根据公司财务报表或数字中无法表达的因素对每个公司进行的评级。一家公司的信用等级越差,坏账风险就越高,所以由总行的总经理裁决。

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