NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2023.07.26

涉及到买卖合同中记载的土地建筑比例被否认的申诉案件中,取胜者为国家一方

首先

当购买或出售土地和建筑物时,通常根据买卖合同将土地和建筑物分别区分开来,但需要注意是比较极端的比例的情况下国家可能不给与批准。

合同内记载了买卖价格和消费税额

作为原告的A公司,采购经过了建筑年数的土地以及建筑物,对该建筑物进行了改建,采用了在提高价值的基础上销售给顾客的商业模式。本案件也按照其商业模式,统一采购土地及建筑物,统一销售。

A公司,在销售时与顾客制作了买卖合同,该买卖合同中记载了买卖货款总额和基于A公司计算方法的消费税额等。另外,A公司主张关于消费税额等,当事人之间也达成了协议。

国家一方的主张

根据消费税法,经营者一次性转让课税资产建筑物和非课税资产土地,如果这些资产的转让价格"没有合理划分",则整体转让价格按比例划分为土地和建筑物的市场价值。

A公司根据买卖合同中记载的消费税额按比例分配土地和建筑物,并进行了纳税申报。

另一方面,国家一方主张土地和建筑物的金额没有合理区分,由于装修而增加的价值没有反映在建筑物的金额中,并发出更正处分通知。

东京地方法院“认为国家的处分是合法的”

东京地方法院判断,在土地和建筑物一并转让的情况下,“并不是按照双方之间商定的土地和建筑物区分的金额。”进行。

假设在一次性转让的情况下,如果“必须按照双方之间商定的土地和建筑物区分的金额。”进行的话,那么通过故意操作土地和建筑物的比例,可以不正当地减少消费税额的缴纳额。

因此,即使在买卖合同中划分了土地和建筑物,国家也要判断为“没有合理划分”。

本案的要点

本案中,A公司和其顾客制作的买卖合同中记载的消费税额是按照A公司计算的方法计算的,可以说是当事人之间达成了协议。

但是,东京地方法院认为,在一次性转让应缴纳消费税的资产和免税资产(如土地和建筑物)的情况,即使是约定的对价金额也不一定必须遵守。

判断此案件为"没有合理划分"的规定。

另一个关键点是,有关针对"没有合理划分"的案件,是要看土地和建筑物的原本的价值和原本购买时的等价比例进行比较,也要考虑建筑自资产物作为应税资产的比例是否被低估等进行重新估算。

不返还保证金的发票对应

首先

发票制度要求确定不返还保证金时,需要发放和保存发票。

确定不返还时计入应税采购

借方在签订办公室等的租赁合同时缴纳的保证金,如果在租赁合同等结束时退还,则不需缴纳消​​费税。另一方面,未退还的保证金(摊销)向借方缴纳消费税。

此外,贷方应税销售和借方不可退还保证金的应税采购均为保证金不退还的纳税期间。

在一些房地产租赁合同中,对借方支付的保证金的返还做出了规定,例如在合同结束时扣除摊销金额。

如果合同规定部分定金自合同签订时起不予退还,则不予退还的全部定金应作为贷方的应税销售额和借方的应税采购额在合同签订时的纳税期内一次性记入。

※下面是图像

月租 50万日元(附加消费税10%)
保证金 600万日元
(12个月的月租)
用途 办事处
折旧额 相当于保证金的10%
(附加消费税10%)
本合同终止时,甲方向乙方返还保证金时应扣除上述摊销额。

签约时需要应税对应

目前,当贷方从借方处收到全额押金,签订合同时向借方出具不可退还押金金额的收据的做法并不常见。

在实践中,通常的做法是只开具押金全额的收据。

然而,在发票制度下,贷方作为发票发行经营者,有义务根据借方的要求交付不返还的与保证金相关的发票。

为了使借方能够将购置税减免用于不可退还押金的金额,必须收到并保存贷方开具的发票。

在下面左侧的例子中,合同的订立是交付发票义务产生的时间。

因此,在签订合同时,贷方应就不可退还定金的金额采取以下措施之一:"交付带有登记号和发票上其他信息的收据 "或 "交付带有登记号和发票上其他信息的合同"。

似乎还没有多少与房地产相关的机构意识到开具不可退还押金发票的问题,因此,所有贷方和借方都必须意识到在签订合同等时必须交付不可退还押金的发票,并为该系统的启动做好准备。

贷款前的准备

首先

无论申请多少贷款,如果从事的行业不在银行覆盖范围内,或者被怀疑与反社会势力有关,那么将很难获得贷款。

企业、代表人、董事、股东的背景

贷款过程中,对申请贷款的个人或公司进行审查之前,原本就存在不能获得贷款的一些要点。 这就是公司代表、董事和股东的背景。

那么具体的背景是什么呢。

公司的背景包括公司所处的行业是否是银行可以提供贷款的行业,公司是否与反社会势力有牵连,以及公司过去是否拖欠过贷款。 如果该公司所处的行业不提供贷款(这由各银行决定),则该公司在接受审查之前将无法获得贷款。

例如,信用担保协会规定,农业、林业、渔业、性产业相关企业和金融企业不在信用担保内。

即使被认定为不符合贷款条件的企业类型不是企业中营业额最高的企业,而是营业额第二或更低的企业,也有可能不符合贷款条件。 例如,如果业务之一是放贷,即使放贷业务的销售额不高,也可能无法获得贷款。

即使没有实际经营放款业务,也可能因为在公司证明书中将放款作为业务目的而无法获得贷款。

为了从银行获得贷款,必须小心谨慎,确保业务类型不被银行排除在外。

代表人、董事、股东的背景

代表人、董事和股东的背景包括过去经营的公司是否拖欠银行贷款、是否参与过反社会势力、过去是否犯罪等。

如果自然法人过去经营的其他公司未能偿还担保贷款而被代还,或者公司本身拖欠贷款,那么即使是新成立的公司,也很难从拖欠贷款的银行获得贷款。

有些公司由配偶或熟人作为真正的代表,而真正的经理则在幕后。 如果真正的经理在幕后,银行也会调查为什么老板不做公司法人。

如果真正的经理人在另一家公司工作,由于与该公司的关系而不能作为代表,银行可能会同意,但如果真正的经理人过去有坏账,则更难获得贷款。

因此,如果公司背景、代表人或其他因素存在问题,即使财务报表等其他因素没有问题,也很难获得贷款。 为了顺利获得贷款,必须找出使银行产生怀疑的原因,并消除这些因素。

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