NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2023.09.26

发票制度Q&A

首先

是否正在稳步准备启用发票制度? 以下是现阶段,即制度启动前至少应了解的基本知识摘要。

制度开始之前还没有通知注册号的?

假设到 2023 年 10 月 1 日发票制度开始启动时,注册号仍未通知。 由于目前发票制度从申请到注册需要一个多月的时间,很有可能到 10 月 1 日注册号仍未通知是属于正常情况的。

在这种情况下,请提前告知客户发票交付将会延迟,收到通知后再交付发票。 或者,收到通知之前先开具临时发票,然后收到通知后重新开具发票。

如果免税企业成为发票开具企业,何时可以选择简易课税呢?

如果免税企业在2023年10月1日至2024年9月30日所属的课税期间内进行了发票注册,则有一项过渡措施,即从登记之日起成为消费税应税企业。

在这种情况下,可以向管辖税务署长提交一份“消费税简易课税制度选择申报书”,说明将从包括登记日期在内的课税期间开始适用简易课税,从而选择从该课税期间开始适用简易课税。

通常,原则上简易课税必须在其适用的财政年度开始之前提交。但请注意,只有在上述期间注册开票的免税企业才例外。

如果注册发票后基准期间的课税销售额在1000万日元以下,可以成为免税企业?

通常,课税期基准期间的课税销售额在1000万日元以下,原则上属于免税企业。但是,发票发行业者即使在其基准期间的课税销售额在1000万日元以下也不能成为免税企业,必须取消发票开具者的注册,才能成为免税企业。

因继承的企业本具有开具发票的企业的场合,该怎么办?

因继承的企业本具有开具发票的企业的场合,继承人必须重新提交注册申请。发票登录号是不能继承的。

例如,如果是在 2023 年 9 月 30 日之前被继承人死亡,即使被继承人已申请发票注册,注册也不会生效。 继承企业的继承人需要在 9 月 30 日之前提交申请;如果被继承人在 2023 年 10 月 1 日或之后死亡,继承人需要提交 "合格发票业务经营者死亡通知",继承企业的继承人必须自己申请注册为发票业务经营者,才能注册为发票业务经营者。

重新审查公寓的继承税评价方法

首先

2023年度执政党税制修改大纲中,明确记载了“根据公寓继承税评估偏离市场价值的现实情况,考虑优化公寓继承税评估"

乘以“修正率”方向

公寓的继承税评估价值是按建筑物部分和场地部分分别计算的。 修订后的通知草案指出,将引入一种制度,即建筑物部分的价值和场地(场地使用权)部分的价值将分别乘以一定的 "修正率"。

这将为利用继承税评估价值明显低于市场价值的公寓来节省继承税,带来一把手术刀。

“修正率”会变成什么样呢

通函草案评价中使用的 "修正率 "随 “评价水平”而变化。 “评价水准”是“1÷评价偏差率”。它显示了公寓的理论市场价格与现行评价额的偏差有多大。

如果“评价水平”超过1,继承税评价额超过理论市场价格,“修正率=评价偏差率”。通过将“评估偏差率”直接乘以“修正率”,就可以将继承税评价额降低到适当的水平。

“评价偏差率”是指时价(市场理论价格)÷现行评价额。
换言之,该公式是修正市场价格与当前继承税评价额之差的指标

另一方面,如果“评价水准”小于0.6,“修正率=评价偏差率”×0.6“。“评价偏差率”乘以0.6,可将继承税评价额提高到适当水准。根据通知草案,公寓的最低继承税评价额为理论市场价格的60%。

“评价水准” 介于 0.6 和 1 之间,则不适用 "修正率"。这是现行的评价方法,不受审查影响。

评价水平 适用修正率 对继承税评价额的影响
大于1 评价偏差率 降低
0.6以上1以下 不适用 没有
小于0.6 评价偏差率×0.6 提高

其基本思想是,如果使用现行评价方法评价的金额与市场价格相比过高,则应降低评价额;如果过低,则应提高评价额。

另外,通知草案将适用于2024年1月1日以后的继承、遗赠或赠与。

不适用于待售公寓或单栋建筑拥有的公寓

本提案的评价方法,仅适用于公寓的一间房间。如果拥有整栋公寓,没有单位所有者,则不适用此方法。

另外,2户住宅也被排除在通知草案的评价方法之外,库存货物等也被排除在外,因此请注意,通知草案不适用于待售公寓。

贷款审查过程中的不利情况

首先

是否知道有些法人实体无法获得信用担保协会的担保? 请注意,不要在不经意间成立了一个法人实体,然后发现自己无法获得贷款。

法人的种类

一般新设立的法人大部分都是株式会社和合同会社,但有些企业主也会根据所从事业务的性质选择一般社团法人或社会福利法人。

不过,需要注意的是,株式会社和合同会社外,成立其他公司往往会给后续的银行贷款带来很大问题。

一般社团法人、一般财团法人和社会福利法人不能获得信用担保协会的担保,但医疗机构除外。 学校法人和宗教法人也不能获得信用担保协会担保。

这是因为这些都是非营利性公司,被视为主要目的不是营利的公司。

偿还贷款的来源是利润产生的现金,但由于非营利性公司不以营利为目的,因此即使它们提供了贷款,也被视为无须偿还。

因此,除少数例外情况外,信用担保协会不会为这些公司提供担保。

银行和日本金融公库不会仅仅因为它们是公司就接受贷款申请。

然而,株式会社和合同会社不同的是,这些公司主要目的不是盈利,这往往会对贷款审批产生负面影响。

拖欠税款和社会保险费

拖欠税款和社会保障缴款的公司一旦被银行发现,将更难获得贷款。 可以通过以下方式调查公司拖欠税款的状态。

  • 被要求提供纳税证明
  • 被要求提供纳税收据
  • 被要求提交存折,以便及时查看是否拖欠社会保险费
    ※日本政策金融公库经常使用这种方法来检查社会保险费的拖欠情况

如果拖欠税款和社会保险费的公司想获得贷款,应考虑暂时向熟人和非银行借款,只能考虑结清欠款后再申请贷款。

拖欠现有贷款

目前,还款过程中拖欠贷款将成为新审查的负面因素。拖欠还取决于贷款是目前拖欠还是过去拖欠,都是有所不同的。

对于担保贷款,即使延迟一天还款,银行也会通知信用担保协会。如果发生拖欠,信用担保协会往往在取消后至少三个月内不再提供新的担保。此外,如果您目前处于欠款状态,则不会提供新的担保。

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