NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2024.02.27

大幅度强化加薪促进税制

首先

为了实施物价上涨工资也涨制度,将加强促进工资增长的税收制度。中小型企业可获得高达45%的税收减免。

面向中小企业的加薪促进税制

对于资本金1亿日元以下的中小型企业的加薪促进税制,原则上维持15%的税收减免率,以及,并可以和Kurumin认定制度,Erboshi认证(二个阶段以上)的制定共同实施措施。

可以申请厚生劳动大臣颁发的"育儿支持企业"认证,企业可成为Kurumin认证企业。此外,申请Kurumin认证企业后,有相当引进和使用支持两立支援制度,并实施高级举措,则可以申请Kurumin白金认证。

此外,如果公司在提高妇女领域工作方面所做的努力得到认可,则可按上述方式获得Eruboshi和白金Eruboshi认证。

获得这些认证后,税收减免率可高达45%(现行制度下为40%)。请注意,如下表所示,如果没有获得Eruboshi和白金Eruboshi认证,也有可能获得40%的税收减免率。

适合对象:青色申告中小企业者等(资本金1亿日元以下的法人,农业协同组合等),再有工作人员1,000人以下的个人事业主。

中小企业实施加工资后的年度没有完全扣除的额度可以延续5年(新设)
※ 経済産業省HP

新设5年结转扣除制度

增加税额抵扣率外,还开设了超过扣除额度将年度结转后5年内可以抵扣使用。即使公司已满足促进工资增长的税收抵免要求,此政策使用于企业处于亏损状态,企业在不发生法人税的情况下。但应注意的是,只有在税收抵免结转的财政年度的工资总额超过上一年度的工资总额时,才能适用税收抵免结转制度。

面向中坚企业的加薪促进税制的新设制度

此外,还将为全职雇员少于2,000人的中型企业制定税收优惠政策。至现在为止对象是中小型企业和大型企业的新税制已经为中型,现今也新设了中型企业的制度。

属于中型企业类别的公司可以通过适用中型企业税收优惠计划会更有利于税额扣除,而不是大型企业税收优惠计划来获得优惠的税额扣除。这两种税收减免都将从2024年4月1日或之后开始的财政年度开始适用。您还可以通过右侧的二维码获取更多信息。

实施所得税及居民税的定额减税

首先

包括纳税人和配偶在内抚养亲属1名,将实施所得税和居民税共计4万日元的减税。为了实施1998年以来的定额减税,需要准备预扣源泉所得税和工资计算。

合计4万日元的定额减税

定额减税的金额,关于2024年的所得税,合计所得金额1,805万日元(只有工资收入的情况下,工资收入2,000万日元)以下的纳税人及其同一生计配偶及抚养亲属每人3万日元关于2024年度的个人居民税,合计所得金额1,805万日元以下的纳税人及其扣除对象配偶及抚养亲属每人为1万日元。

首先,关于所得税的扣除方法,“从2024年6月1日以后最初接受支付的工资等相关的预扣税额中扣除”。例如,工资的支付在月末结束后的下个月25日支付,将从2024年6月25日支付的5月份工资的预扣税额中扣除。如果统一税率的减税额少于2024年6月支付的工资预扣税额,则流程到此结束;如果多于2024年6月支付的工资预扣税额,则减税额按顺序结转至7月以后。

另一方面,关于个人居民税的扣除方法如下。

特别征收义务人在2024年6月支付工资时不进行特别征收,但在2024年7月至2025年5月支付各自工资时,每月征收扣除定额减税金额后的个人居民税金额的11分之1。

也就是说,2024年6月的特别征收税额为零,7月以后,定额减税扣除后的居民税将在11个月内均等征收。

对计算工资负责人的影响

如上所述,对工资收入者的定额减税将通过预扣、特别征收来应对,因此预计会影响工资计算负责人的实务。其中,关于所得税的定额减税,由于每个员工的家庭构成不同,定额减税的金额和每月的预扣税额也不同,所以对应变得复杂。

例如,单身A先生每月的预扣税额为8,000日元时,所得税的定额减税额为3万日元,但不能从6月的预扣税额中扣除。7月以后也会依次扣除,9月可以全额扣除。

另一方面,抚养配偶、子女3人的B先生,定额减税的金额为15万日元(=3万日元)×5人)。每月的预扣税额为15,000日元,即使从6月到12月扣除,也不能全额扣除,会有盈余。无法全额扣除的金额基本上将通过年末调整来解决。

<参考:令和5年10⽉26⽇政府与党政策懇談会資料>
https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/s_kondan/pdf/r051026_siryou.pdf

按债务人类别和信用类别划分的贷款态度

首先

银行的贷款态度自然会根据债务人的分类而改变。可以根据银行的建议和其他因素预测贵公司的债务人分类。

关于信用等级?

确定债务人分类后,银行会对与之相关的贷款公司进行信用评级。例如,即使是被归类为正常借款人的公司,银行也会以1格-6格级的形式对其进行信用评级。

[正常客户]业绩良好、无特殊财务问题、无拖欠款项的公司。

信用等级是由根据财务报表中的数字计算出来的各种财务指标以及定性方面(如管理层的能力、是否有接班人、公司的技术能力等在财务指标中没有体现出来的东西)决定的。

但是,前提条件是债务人分类。无论你的财务报表有多好,如果你的债务人分类是"其他需要注意的事项",你就不可能成为正常的借款人(上例中评级为1格至6格)。不言而喻,信用等级越高,贷款审批越有利,利率越低。

银行贷款态度

银行在向其融资的公司提供贷款时会采取什么样的立场,银行有一套交易政策。交易政策与债务人分类和信用评级有关。

债务人分类、信用评级和交易政策的结构因银行而异,但政策是积极促进评级为1格或2格的正常借款人发放贷款,促进评级为3格或4格的借款人发放贷款,维持评级低于3格或4格的借款人发放贷款,终止需要管理或有破产风险的借款人发放贷款。

一旦公司完成新的财务报表,收到贷款的银行将要求其提交。银行会对财务报表进行分析,评定新的信用等级,并制定新的交易政策。

公司的交易政策一旦确定,在下一个财政年度之前基本上不太可能改变。在考虑贵公司未来的现金流和资金结构时,了解每家银行对贵公司的政策是非常有用的。

预测银行交易方针的方法

贷款接受者很难知道银行对自己的公司是怎样的交易方针。作为预测交易方针的方法,预测交易政策的一种方法是制作每家银行贷款余额每月变化表。

一张表格显示了每家银行3年左右的专业贷款和带保证贷款各自的余额变化情况,可以提供一些启示。

这就可以看到每家银行的未偿贷款余额以及高峰期(贷款余额最高时)的未偿贷款余额。尤其是有适当的贷款,我们看看高峰时贷款余额有多少。

如果制作未偿贷款月度推移表,然后申请新贷款,就可以看到每家银行对自己公司的交易方针。

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