NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2021.07.27

你是否把单独饮酒当作一种交际费处理?

介绍一个企业的代表被征收了沉重附加税的案例,理由是将单独的吃喝费用作为交际费来处理是一种变相隐瞒。

首先

你是否一直把单独喝酒的收据作为交际费处理? 请注意,您可能需要缴纳意想不到的额外附加税。

什么是交际费等?

交际费等在《税收特别措施法》中被定义为:公司为招待客户、供应商和其他与公司业务有关的人员,提供款待、安慰、赠送礼品和其他类似活动而发生的娱乐费用、招待费用、保密费用和其他费用。

说到底,为了招待客户、供应商及其他与业务相关的人而支出的费用属于交际费等。

单独一个人喝酒的费用不属于交际费。说到底只是个人的饮食费用,不能作为法人的经费,所以需要自己负担。

对于附加税案件

在这次公布的案例中,一家公司的社长在多家接待饮食店(所谓的俱乐部)消费,并将费用报为交际费,但在随后的税务调查中,被指出这些费用是代表的个人饮食费用。

该公司在税务调查中被指出,并将个人的饮食费用部分作为借给代表的贷款,而不作为交际费提交了修正申报。

通常情况下,根据修正申报支付追加的法人税及消费税、少申报的附加税、滞纳税就结束了,但这次是,代替少申报的附加税,被征收了高额的附加税。

高额附加税是只有被判断为恶意瞒报的情况下才会被征收,如变相隐瞒的情况等。因此被征收高额附加税的情况,我们税务师也很少见到的。

为什么会被征收高额附加税?

像这样被征收高额附加税的情况并不多。那么为什么这次的案例要征收高额附加税呢。

将社长个人的饮食费用,都没有接待过客户,却记帐在总帐就被认为是一种变相的隐瞒,就被征收了高额附加税。代表主张在俱乐部内和各种各样的人交流并有扩大人际关系的意思,但东京高等法院裁定,仅仅是扩大人际关系的抽象必要性,不足以被认定为用于招待业务相关人员的交际费。

就我个人而言,仅仅因为上述理由就作为变相隐瞒而被征收高额附加税,感觉有点苛刻。这只不过是我的想象,但我想有可能在俱乐部吃喝玩乐的金额相当大,或者税务调查时代表的态度不好。我认为这是一个特殊的案例。

但是,需要注意的是,这是一个先例,既单独饮酒费作为交际费处理后,可能需要缴纳沉重的额外附加税。另外,先不论是否要缴纳附加税,一个人单独饮酒费用不是法人的经费,这点请注意。

新型冠状病毒的FAQ和在家工作的FAQ更新

国税厅分别更新了新型冠状病毒的FAQ和在家工作的FAQ,共增加了5个问题。关于新型冠状病毒和在家工作的实务上可能会产生疑问的地方进行解说一下。

首先

由于新型冠状病毒的影响,生活方式和工作方式也变新,关于税收关系不明确的地方,国税厅通过公布FAQ明示了其处理方法。请正确理解,不要在后日的税务调查中被指出漏扣所得税的问题。

购买口罩和消毒液的费用

购买工作时使用的口罩、消毒液等消耗品时,通过报销实际费用的方法向员工支付一定的金钱,这不作为员工的工资而征税。即使企业直接分发口罩等,员工也不会被征税。

但是,请注意,即使购买了这些消耗品,那些在工作之外使用的东西,例如与工作无关使用的口罩,以及支付给员工家属等非员工的费用,则应作为员工的工资缴纳所得税。

特别是口罩在工作时间以外也会使用,所以很难区分是不是因为工作关系。

如果要向员工提供口罩,重要的是要准备文件,说明公司已经确定口罩是工作所必需的,是预防感染的措施,并根据这一判断决定提供口罩。

为远程办公而购买设备的费用

通常工作所需的费用,例如员工远程办公的环境维护费用,通过收到员工的费用收据并报销的方式支付给员工,不作为员工的工资征税。

另外,为远程办公租借设备给员工用于公司业务的情况也不是工资。

但是,对于以交叉方式支付的在家工作补贴和远程工作补贴将成为工资课税的对象,因为不清楚支付的补贴是否实际用于业务的。请注意,这样的补贴会作为员工的工资征收所得税。

基本思路与新型冠状病毒之前是一样

如上所述,如果提供给员工的设备或金钱是履行其工作所必需的,从中产生的利益则不需要缴纳工资税。

对于不知道支付的补贴等是否用于业务的情况,原则上是否要征收工资的对象。如果理解这个基本的想法,即使是这次新型冠状病毒的扩大而产生的新的问题和论点,也不会有很大的错误结论。

当公司承担感染控制或远程工作费用时,税收关系取决于是否为业务所需而不同。 明确 "业务所需=公司承担感染控制和远程工作费用的范围",并提前准备好和员工沟通的文件,作为税务调查对策是有效的。

在继承开始前购买不动产所产生的节税手段不被东京高等法院承认

在继承前通过银行贷款购买房地产以企图节税的案件中,继一审后,政府方面再次在东京高等法院赢得了此案,继承人的投诉被驳回。

首先

为了减少继承税而向银行贷款购买不动产,这是在泡沫经济时代横行的节税计划,这里介绍因过于胡来而被否认的案例。

发现癌症后立即购买房地产

首先,让我简单地说明一下这个案子。

平成25年9月,继承人继承了被继承人既父亲以15亿日元购入的高级出租公寓。被继承人从生前开始就与银行讨论通过购买不动产来减少继承税的效果,被继承人在平成25年6月发现肺癌后,从银行借款15亿日元,购买了上述高级出租公寓。

继承人根据线路价值评价等,将该出租公寓评价为约5亿日元,将15亿日元的借款列入债务后进行了继承税的申报。如果房地产购买前的状态为零,则从银行借款15亿日元,在继承税的评价上购买了5亿日元的房地产,形成△10亿日元(=房地产5亿日元-负债15亿日元)的状态进行了继承税的确定申报。

对此,国家以该房地产评价为10.4亿日元(鉴定评价额),因增加继承税进行了更改而发生争执。争论点是继承开始时房地产的时价。

各自主张的本房地产的评价额

继承人(通报评价额) 4亿7,761万1,109円
国家(鉴定评价额) 10亿4,000万円

东京高级法院维持东京地方法院在一审中的判决

一审的东京地方法院做出如下判断,认为国家进行的继承税的增额修正是适当的

  1. 通报评价额和鉴定评价额之间存在显著差异
  2. 购买房地产是为了减轻继承税的负担

东京高等法院也支持一审东京地方法院的判断,认定本案房地产的时价为10亿4000万日元,即鉴定评价额。败诉的继承人计划向最高法院提出上诉。

东京高等法院认为:“通报评价额还没有达到鉴定评价额的二分之一,金额上也少了5亿日元以上,所以不得不说差异的程度很显著”。虽然承认通报评价额和鉴定评价额之间存在差异,但可以看出差异过大是判断因素之一。

即使像本案一样,不是在发现肺癌后立即购买房地产,通报评价额和鉴定评价额之间产生巨大差异时,也需要谨慎判断。

这不是一项容易的事儿,轻率判断采取继承对策也会给继承人带来麻烦。

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  • Russell Bedford
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