NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2021.09.25

关于外包费用和工资的事件,国家方赢得诉讼

首先

要给大家介绍一个,即使通过签署业务委托合同等形式,制造出外包费的表象,但实际情况被认定雇佣了员工的案例。这个案例中外包方支付的外包费用,税务调查中被当作工资处理,不允许抵扣外包费中的消费税。

根据员工的申请进行外包化

经营涂装工程的A公司(原告)向员工说明了从2015年4月开始加入之前没有加入的健康保险和厚生年金保险,并且从工资中扣除这些社会保险费的内容。

但是,其中两名员工对公司提出申请“从工资里扣除社会保险费,实际拿到的工资变少的话生活上会有困难。所以将他们视为不扣除社会保险费的外注方来处理,这样他们的实得工资和以前一样”,这是事情的开端。

A公司根据员工的要求,将之前作为工资支付的报酬转换成外注费,并将支付给每个工人的外注费作为应税消费申报,但税务局认为这些外注费属于“工资等”,不属于应税消费范畴,并且这些外包被里没有征收预扣所得税。

东京地方法院支持税务局

支付的报酬是否属于“工资等”的范畴,最高法院1981年的判决已被确立为判断标准。 在本案中,东京地方法院裁定,除了最高法院的裁决外,基本消费税公告1-1-1也是确定 "工资等 "适用性的标准。

基本消费税公告1-1-1规定了关于个人经营者和劳务员工的区分方式。即根据有无雇佣合同等的来判断,但在有无合同不明确的情况,则按以下1.~4.进行综合判断。

  1. 非替代性(提供劳务的内容是否允许由他人代替)
  2.  指挥监督性(是否接受经营者的指挥监督)
  3. 危险负担性(如果工作的成品出现损失,是否可以要求报酬)
  4. 提供材料(是否提供材料和用具)

根据事实认定属于“工资等”

东京地方法院指出,由于适用上述 1.至4.,支付给每个工人的钱属于 "工资等 "的范畴,因为它是 "受A公司空间上、时间上的限制,连续或间歇地提供劳动或服务的补偿而支付的,应作为基于雇佣合同或类似原因服从用人单位指挥命令提供的劳务的等价支付”。

工资不属于征税采购,不被认定为采购税额扣除对象,此外A公司应预扣员工的所得税款,税务局认定该判决为合法。

是“工资等”还是“外部订货费”的问题,不仅仅是消费税的问题。这也关系到是否履行了预扣义务的问题。另外,对于接受报酬的一方来说,也会产生是个人事业所得还是劳务所得的论点。

在呼吁工作方式改革的社会大环境下,大型企业之间也开始讨论将雇用合同换成业务委托合同,但要格外注意与此相关的税务风险。

修正后的电子交易制度是否真的会导致被取消青色报税的资格?

首先

修订后的电子交易系统将于明年1月1日生效,在进行电子交易时,不再需要打印纸质收据,如果继续使用打印并报关纸质收据,可能会被取消青色纳税申报的资格。

将不提供过渡性措施

电子交易制度是指必须保存法人税等发票和账单的人在进行“电子交易”时,有义务保留电子交易信息的电子数据。

电子交易被定义为“通过电磁手段接受交易信息的交易”, 包括例如将发票的PDF文件附在电子邮件中的交易。到目前为止,PDF文件还被允许打印出来并存储在纸上,但从明年1月1日起,将不再允许纸上输出和存储。

此外,关于电子数据的保存,还需要具备防止篡改、删除等一定的事务措施,并且还需要确保检索功能。关于检索条件,必须在“交易日期”“交易金额”“交易对象”可以检索的状态下保存电子数据,所以有必要导入具有检索功能的文件管理系统。

另一方面,为了满足该制度的保存条件,也有人认为“需要全公司范围内作出反应”,但政府方面又没有过渡性措施,完全可以预想到一部分企业来不及准备。即使是中小企业,改变熟悉的运用方法也并不是简单的事情。只能即时通知员工,尽快采取行动是很重要的。

撤消青色申报要经过全面评估

在这方面,民众一直很关注撤销青色申报的批准和计算必要费用。如果纳税人没有遵守电子数据存储的要求,或者继续使用纸质打印而不是电子数据存储,那么纳税人将被视为没有存储电子数据,而且纳税人的青色申报可能被撤销。

可能不会因为没有保存电子数据而取消青色申报,但是就算取消了也没什么好说的。该措置真正实施之前,很难说在什么特定情况下会取消青色申报。

另外,如果不按要求存储电子数据或者保存纸质打印的文件,税务局可能就无法对照从别的公司收到的电子数据,这样税务局就无法确认从这种公司提交上来的申报内容和账目。

仅凭此,税务局并不能立刻否认该电子交易有关的必要经费,但是关于该必要经费等的支付事实需要用其他方法确认,所以需要追加说明和资料提交。只要没有进行隐瞒和伪装行为(※)等,如果是实际发生的交易的话,税务局也不会否定这个必要经费,但是税务局方面将如何运用,今后将备受关注。
隐藏或伪装行为:隐藏或捏造交易内容。

消费税法是否要求书面输出?

首先

明年1月过渡到修订后的电子交易系统后,到2023年10月的发票制度开始前,消费税的进项税额扣除的条件不变。

抵扣进项税额的条件没有变化

据目前的消费税单据保存要求,原则上要求在账目上记录含税的进货交易,斌且保存进货收据。但是目前还没有规定电子数据形式接收发票该如何处理。

因此,即使在2022年1月修订后的电子交易系统开始后,原则上仍需保留纸质发票等,以满足消费税的购置税抵扣要求。

但是,如果通过 "电子交易 "收到的发票按照电子交易制度进行了电子化存储,就没有必要为了满足购置税抵免的要求而存储额外的纸质发票。 这是因为,如果有"不可避免的原因 "而没有收到书面发票,纳税人可以通过保留某些账簿和记录来申请抵免,但如果只提供数据,"不可避免的原因 "也可能适用,如 "电子交易 "的情况。 在这种情况下,除了要在账簿中输入信息外,还应输入不可避免的原因和应税购买对方的地址或地点,并加以保存,以满足购买税的抵扣要求。

改正前 改正后
(2022年1月~)
电子交易信息
保存制度
原则:电子数据
例外:书面输出
电子数据
消费税的
进项税额扣除
原则:书面
例外:一定的账簿保存等
同左

陈述不可避免的原因等可能会成为负担。

然而,"不可避免的原因 "方法要求,除了法定信息外,令人信服的理由和应税购买对象的地址或地点也要输入并保存在账簿中。

捡起以电子方式保存的交易并写下每一个交易的 "不可避免的原因 "可能是一种负担,特别是对于会计人员有限的中小型公司。

如何处理书面输出保存?

在发票和其他数据以书面形式保存的情况下,处理方法并不明确。 如果这种在《法人税法》中不被允许方法在《消费税法》中被允许,那么纳税人将能够申请抵扣购置税的金额,而不必提供耗时的 "不可避免的原因 "声明。

然而,不能说以书面形式存储交易的替代方案将允许扣除目前要求以电子形式存储的交易的购置税。 这是因为没有规定允许这样做。 因此,当收到发票的电子数据时,原则上只有通过说明 "不可避免的原因 "来保存账簿,才能扣除购置税。 但是,如果保留了纸质打印文档,也不一定会拒绝购买税收抵免,这一点很难判断。

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