NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2021.12.27

利用副业来节税已经不可行

首先

越来越多的公司允许员工开展副业,而且有许多副业可以利用互联网轻松开始。但是,如果从一开始就以节税为目的从事副业的话风险非常高。

从事副业对税收的影响

副业有很多种,可以是作为另一家公司的雇员工作,也可以是在经营自己的生意,如网上生意。 如果你作为雇员为另一家公司工作,你从该公司获得的收入将属于工资收入。 另一方面,如果你经营一个个人事业,你从该事业获得的收入可以是经营收入或杂项收入。 如果你作为受薪雇员从事第二份工作,就基本没有办法省税。因为你需要将有两个来源的收入做确定申告。

问题是将副业作为个体经营进行的情况。如果该副业符合个体经营收入,个体经营出现亏损的时候,可以将亏损与其他收入相抵。通过将副业产生的亏损与本职的工资收入合计,所得税将被返还,居民税也会被减轻。但是,如果属于杂项收入的话,个人事业出现亏损的时候,就不能把亏损和其他收入相抵。因为不能和本职的工资收入总计,所以不能返还所得税,也不能减轻居民税。

个体经营收入很难被税务署认可

如上所述,将副业作为商业收入进行申报,而商业收入是亏损的话,可以将亏损与工资收入合计,以节税为目标。那样的事可能吗。

为了使副业被认可为个体经营收入而不是杂项收入,必须考虑到以下因素

  1. 有无经济活动的营利性和有偿性
  2. 有无连续性、重复性
  3. 在自己承担风险和担当企划的前提下开展活动
  4.  在经营上上付出精神、肉体上的劳动的程度
  5.  有无人力、物力设备

在通过本职工作获得稳定收入的间隙,通过有限的时间和劳力进行的工作基本上不被认可为个体经营收入。实际上以节税为目的的副业也不是个体经营收入,而是作为杂项收入来处理。

副业是个人事业的情况下,也有把与事业无关的个人支出作为经费的情况,但如果是持续性亏损,被判定为杂项收入的可能性非常高。 有本职工作的同时进行个人事业,那个副业被认定为个体经营收入的门槛比想象中还要高出不少。

与提交开业申报无关

是否在副业开始时提交“开业申报书”或“蓝色申报批准申请书”,和能否作为个体经营所得得到认可,并没有任何关系。请注意,虽然受理了这些文件,但不代表税务局认可它为个体经营收入。

网银也属于电子交易

首先

从2022年1月1日起,如果通过电子邮件或其他方式发送PDF格式的发票或收据,将需要以电子方式存储数据。 如果使用网上银行,也同样适用。

网上银行交易信息需要保存数据

从2022年1月1日起,以电磁交易方式交换 "交易信息"(如与交易有关的采购订单、合同、发票、报价单等)的 "电子交易 "必须以电子形式存储该交易信息,且须符合搜索等其他要求。

电子交易中也包含“EDI(Electronic Data Interchange)交易”,网银也属于这个EDI交易。

很多人质疑网上银行的汇款结果画面等是否符合电子交易的交易信息。

在这方面,由于网上银行系统属于EDI交易的范畴,屏幕上显示的 "收款人名称"、"金额 "和 "日期和时间 "等信息,相当于在银行柜台进行转账时收到的复印件,需要作为电子交易的交易信息储存在电子数据中。

在这种情况下,虽然需要充分满足搜索要求等要件,但作为简单的方法,允许以某种方式存储数据或PDF等形式数据化后的文件名中输入日期、交易方、金额等一定的方法进行保存。

请注意并不是禁止书面输出

修订后的电子交易制度将于2022年1月1日生效,要求电子交易以电子形式存储,只要交易以电子形式存储,就不禁止使用书面文件进行会计处理。

这一点似乎被一些人误解了。 因此,从明年1月起,没有必要完全改用电子数据,像以前一样继续使用纸质数据进行内部会计处理以及与税务师和注册会计师的沟通,自然是可以接受的。 例如,为了确保搜索要求,这是修订后的电子交易系统的一个瓶颈,即使没有具备搜索功能的文件管理系统,也可以使用Excel等电子表格软件来满足要求。

此外,并不总是需要提供时间戳来防止篡改,也可以提供 "关于防止修改和删除的行政规则",从成本角度来看,这些规则相对容易实施。

可能在很多情况下,由于时间的限制和预算的约束,很难在明年1月之前遵守变化,但在过渡期内,直到系统和整个公司的运作准备就绪,继续在纸面上操作会计和其他业务,只用简化的方法以电子方式存储数据,可能是一个实用的解决方案。

如何保护自己的公司

首先

如果一家公司由其董事长100%拥有,基本上就不存在小股东的问题。 然而,现实是,许多公司都有小股东。 在接下来的两篇文章中,我们将讨论如何处理少数股东的问题。

股份的转让限制是指

一般来说,如果是非公开公司,公司章程中会规定“关于股份转让限制的规定”。这是一项防止公司股票被随意买卖的规定。例如,假设A公司的股东构成是老板B先生80%,老资格的原董事C先生20%。

如果对A公司的股份转让没有限制,有可能会发生C先生在A公司和B先生不知道的地方向反社会势力出售A公司股票的情况。为了防止这种情况发生,通常的做法是规定在任何买卖之前必须获得股东大会或董事会的批准。

最近,律师以“保护少数股东的权利”为宗旨,开展主张从少数股东那里购买股份的活动,所以没有设置转让限制的公司需要特别注意。

缓期为2周

不幸的是,对转让有限制,也不能放心。 在上面的例子中,如果C先生要把A公司的股份卖给他的朋友D先生,而A公司想反对,A公司必须在C先生要求批准转让之日起2周内通知以下两点(1)不批准D先生的转让,(2)指定取代D先生购买A公司的股份的人(指定购买者)。

经过短短2周时间,就会变成"自动批准"。决定是否批准这个转让的机关在章程和登记簿副本上写着。基本上不是董事会设置公司的话应该是股东大会,董事会设置公司的话应该是董事会。

但是,如果以股东大会或董事会会议作为批准转让的机构,召开这样的会议需要一周。

召开会议需要一周时间,尽管不批准的决议、指定购买者的选择和通知必须在2周的有限时间内完成。

代表董事可作为转让审批机构?

由于2周的时间很短,在股东大会上决议是没有灵活性的,所以,一些公司指定 "董事长 "作为转让审批机构。

不过,这也有风险,学术界对是否指定转让审批机构作为代表董事存在分歧。 据说,即使向法院提起诉讼,胜诉的几率也是五五开。

如果在法庭上败诉,没有2周内发出适当的不同意通知,这意味着将加入 "不受欢迎的股东"。

必须在2周的短时间内发出通知,为了提高这个机动性,尽管以转让批准机关为代表董事,但这反而可能变成风险。

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  • Russell Bedford
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