NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2023.02.28

2023年度税制改正大纲确定

首先

自民党和公明党决定了2023年度税制修改大纲。至于个人所得税,NISA系统将扩大并永久化。

NISA制度的大盘行为

在2023年度税制改革大纲中最引人注目的是新NISA系统(也可以说没有其他有很大影响的修改项目)。让我们来确认一下计划进行大幅度修改的NISA系统吧。

第一个重大变化是,不再有时间限制。目前的NISA有“一般NISA”和“堆积NISA”两种,“一般NISA”是到2028年为止,“累积NISA”是到2042年为止的期间限定制度。

在这方面,新的 NISA 有望成为一个没有固定期限的永久性制度。

到目前为止,“一般NISA”的免税持有期限为5年,免税期间一过,出售并换钱或“翻转”的更新手续。

但是,由于新NISA的持有期限是无限期的,这意味着可以永远享受销售收益和股息的免税待遇。

尽管每个人可能对削减损失的利弊有自己的看法,但在制度下可以不经过手续,继续持有未实现亏损的股票,直到变成未实现收益。

年费上限也提高

目前为止,“一般NISA”的最高投资限额是每年120万日元,最长5年(最长5年×120万日元=600万日元),而“累积NISA”的最高投资限额是每年40万日元,最长20年(最长20年×40万日元=800万日元)。

关于这一点也进行了修改,“一般NISA”(新NISA更名为“成长投资型”)每年240万日元,“累积NISA”(新NISA更名为“累积投资型”)每年上限将提高到120万日元。

另外,由于新的NISA的投资期没有限制,所以设定了终身最高投资额。具体来说,“累积投资型”最多为1800万日元,“成长投资型”最多为1200万日元,两者合计总额为1800万日元。

NISA注意事项

无论是以前的NISA还是新NISA,投资时都有需要注意的一点。就是在发生损失的情况下。

NISA对销售收益和股息采取了免税措施,但如果发生销售损失,则不提供任何补贴。通常情况下,如果出现销售损失,可以用出售其他股票等的收益来抵消,但NISA账户中不能进行此操作。

也就是说,NISA不仅有优点,也有缺点。请注意这一点再考虑做法。

继承时清算课税制度的扩充

首先

在2023年度税制修改大纲中,提出了至今为止讨论过的继承税、赠与税一体化的具体对策。

改正大纲概要

有人批评说,富有阶层的人一再进行历年的捐赠,以避免遗产税的负担,而这种捐赠在其一生中有效的期限将从目前的三年延长到七年。

另一方面,因难以使用而名声不佳的遗产税制度也将得到改善。

延长生前赠与的附加期限和扩大继承时结算的税制,很可能成为2023年继承税和赠与税税制改革的关键。

延长生前赠与的附加期限

过去,为了包含继承前最后一刻赠与的遗产税节税措施,一直有一个叫做“生前赠与相加”的规则,根据这个规则,如果通过继承等方式获得财产的人在继承开始前3年内通过历年赠与从被继承人那里获得了财产,那么赠与的财产将加到继承的财产上。

这意味着,在继承开始前的3年内所做的赠与被视为从未做过。

从2024年1月起,个人生前赠与的这一额外期限将延长至7年。 这将是7年而不是3年后才开始继承遗产。 然而,请注意,并不是所有7年内的赠与都有资格获得追加。

和以前一样,在继承开始前3年内的赠与将被追加,而4至7年内的赠与将扣除100万日元的赠与总额后将被追加到生前赠与追加中。

扩大继承时结算的税制

继承时的结算征税是对赠与财产总额扣除特别免税额2500万日元后的金额统一征收20%的赠与税的制度。与上述历年赠与的不同之处在于,在继承时结算征税制度下进行的赠与的全部金额需要缴纳遗产税。

此外,一旦选择了遗产税的征税方式,就不能再适用历年的征税方式,这意味着不能再通过生前的馈赠来享受任何节税措施。由于可用性如此差劲,到目前为止还没有被广泛使用是事实。

但是,根据这次的税制修改大纲,即使在继承时选择纳税结算,也可以使用每年最高110万日元的免税额度,无需进行最终纳税申报。预计规则将被改成所使用的110万日元的免税额将不需要缴纳遗产税。

也就是说,从2024年1月起,即使在继承时选择纳税结算,也可以使用免税额度进行赠与。

如果是历年赠与的生前赠与,继承开始前7年以内的赠与需缴纳遗产税,另一方面,如果选择继承时纳税结算,可以脱离7年的生前赠与加算,所以选择继承时纳税结算可能更有利。

主要银行的选择方法

首先

是否因为看起来很酷,而在大银行开过账户或申请过贷款? 必须根据公司的规模来考虑要打交道的金融机构。

什么是主银行

谈到银行贷款时,经常出现的词语之一就是“主银行”。主银行可以认为是公司与银行进行交易时使用频率最高的银行。

换句话说,如果一家公司有贷款,那么贷款最频繁的银行就是它的主银行,它的贷款余额必然是最大的,而客户的大部分存款也会进入主银行的存款账户。

公司不能指定主银行,如果该银行不提供贷款,则不能成为主银行。另一方面,主动提供贷款的银行,随着贷款余额的增加,自然会成为主银行。

即使银行的贷款余额很大,但如果只提供担保贷款而不提供专业贷款,或者不提供灵活的连接资金或季节性资金支持,可能就不是主银行。

然而,虽说是主银行,并不意味着什么时候都能贷款。 如果公司每期都在亏损,而且没有提交业务改进计划,那么它能提供的融资金额是有限的。

如果能在经营业绩恶化的情况下迅速提出管理改进措施,分享细节,并展示将如何在不依赖主银行的情况下实施这些措施,那么应该有不少主银行会支持。

按公司规模划分的主银行

如果能从多家银行贷款,经营者可以选择哪个银行作为主银行。

首先,主银行应该在公司附近有店铺的地方。这是因为经常与主银行来回走动,如果相隔较远,就容易疏远。

如果是以企业规模来考虑,年销售额不到1亿日元之前应该把信用金库和信用组合作为主银行来考虑。随着销售额的增长,到年销售额10亿日元为止,就把信用金库、信用组合、地方银行、视为主银行,只有年销售额超过10亿日元,才考虑把大银行作为主银行。

如果年销售额不满10亿日元,不能期待大银行的专业贷款,所以把可以期待专业贷款的地方银行、信用金库、信用组合作为主银行是合适的。

总结

在公司的成长阶段更换主银行是一个不错的选择。
但是,当公司面临经营危机时,很难改变,所以必须关注总行的管理政策,积极披露公司的经营情况,与联系人保持信任关系。

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  • Russell Bedford
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