NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2023.11.27

关于ETC的发票对应

首先

可以说,这项措施解决了实务中一直存在的ETC 信用卡相关发票的处理问题。

ETC卡的种类

或许大家可能不太了解,目前有发行3种类型的卡可用于 ETC。

认知度最高的可能是 ETC 信用卡。ETC 卡是信用卡公司发行的,费用一般是从信用卡中扣除。

除此之外还有ETC个人卡、ETC公司卡。ETC个人卡是由高速公路公司发行,即使没有信用卡协议的人也可以使用 ETC,仅限于在收费公路上支付通行费。

另外,ETC公司卡是唯一适用“大额·多频度折扣”的卡,由高速公路公司发行。

其中ETC个人卡以及ETC公司卡,分别根据事务局和高速公路公司发送的账单进行支付。因此,把发送的账单作为发票使用就可以了,但是ETC信用卡不发送账单,所以不能那样做。

保存信用卡明细并获取使用证明

使用 ETC 信用卡时将进项税额减免适用于高速公路费用,用户原则上必须在网上注册 "ETC 使用情况查询服务 ",并下载、获取和保存所有高速公路使用情况的 "使用证明 "作为发票。

一些经常使用高速公路的公司表示,获取和保存所有高速公路使用的 "使用证明 "太费事。

根据此次公布的措施,如果在每张收据上都保存有信用卡公司出具的显示高速公路使用情况的 "信用卡月结单",并且每使用一家高速公路公司等都取得并保存一次 "使用证明",就可以扣除进项税额。

例如,即使连续使用首都高速公路,只要取得并保存首都高速公路公司发行的 "使用证明",以后使用首都高速公路时就不需要再从该公司取得 "使用证明"。

【 参考:ETC费用的发票对应 】

卡的种类 保存为发票的内容
ETC信用卡 • 所有高速公路使用的“使用证明”
• 还可以保存您所使用的信用卡账单和高速公路公司等的一次性“使用证明”
ETC个人卡 ETC个人卡事务局发送的账单
ETC公司卡 高速公路公司等发送的账单

注意未支付的结算奖金

首先

在结算日之前向员工支付结算完的奖金的情况没有问题,但如果无法在结算日之前支付,而将其记录为未支付金,则必须注意。

只要满足条件就可以计算为损失

在业绩良好的情况下,可以向员工发放结算奖金。 在这种情况下,如果在结算日之前向员工支付结算奖金,就不会有问题。

但是,由于无法在财政年度结束前支付,许多人倾向于在账目中将这笔款项记录为未支付金。 要将未支付的结算奖金确认为损失,必须满足以下3个条件

  1. 在结算日之前明确通知每个员工支付额
  2. 通知的金额在结算日后1个月内支付
  3. 结算奖金的金额应入账

确定后通知的金额在结算日后1个月内支付

即使在财政年度结束时尚未支付,也必须在财政年度结束后一个月内支付。 例如,如果财政年度在 3 月结束,则必须在下一财政年度的 4 月底之前支付,如果在 5 月支付,则必须作为下一财政年度的损失处理。

即使是在财政年度结束前付款,也要注意这一点,但如果是现金支付而不是从存款中转账,就必须保留好付款时间的证据。

例如,如果财政年度在 3 月结束,而相当于奖金的金额是在 3 月 30 日从存款账户中提取的,那么就不清楚是何时支付的。 无论款项是在财政年度结束前还是在财政年度结束后一个月内支付,如果是现金支付,则应确保收到员工出具的注明日期的收据。

结算奖金的金额应入账

结算奖金必须在通知的财政年度入账。 具体地说,在结算整理日记帐中,关于支付额将计入为奖金应付款。 这本身并不困难,也很容易达到要求。

应在结算日前明确通知每个员工的支付额

最难满足的就是这个要求。那是为什么呢。理由是,如果只向奖金支付日在职的员工支付结算奖金,则不满足该条件。这写在法人税基本通知9-2-43上。

在很多公司,工资规定上写着“奖金必须在支付日在籍才能拿到”。这样的公司即使未支付结算奖金也不能计入为损失。

首先查看本公司的工资规定,是否规定奖金只发给支付日在职的员工。

请注意,有这样的规定,需要在结算日之前支付结算奖金。

资产负债表的查看方法

首先

在银行的贷款审查过程中,资产负债表和损益表都很重要,并不是说其中一个比另一个更重要。 让我们来看看资产负债表。

最重要的是净资产部分

银行职员看资产负债表时,首先看到的是净资产。

不仅银行职员如此,税务师也是如此。 从资产负债表的右下角看,会看到 "净资产总额"。

即使净资产为正数,仔细检查资产负债表中每个资产项目的账目报表,也可能会发现公司记录了没有价值的资产。 例如,已经破产且预计无法收回的客户应收账款。

当银行收到一家公司申请贷款的财务报表时,就会查看账目报表,以了解资产负债表中记录的资产是否真的值得记录的金额。

当总资产中没有资产价值的项目减少时,总资产的金额也会减少。

例如,即使资产负债表显示 "总资产 5 000 万日元,总负债 4 500 万日元,净资产 500 万日元",但如果总资产中有 1 000 万日元无法收回的应收账款,则实际总资产将为 4 000 万日元,实际净资产将为-500 万日元。

即使资产负债表表面上的净资产为正数,但如果实际净资产(即实际总资产减去总负债)为负数,公司实际上已经资不抵债。 这也是贷款审批过程中的一个不利因素。

其次是借款规模

在资产负债表中,紧挨着净资产的是借款规模。 借款总额是资产负债表负债部分记录的短期和长期借款的总和。

由于较高的销售额往往会导致较高的借款,因此银行会以借款月数与月营业额的比较来衡量借款规模。 以借款总额除以月营业额计算出的数字称为借款与月营业额比率。

【参考示例】
年销售额为2亿4千万日元的公司,除以12个月,月销售额为2000万日元。如果该公司的债务总额为6000 万日元,则该公司的债务与月营业额比率为3个月。

虽然这只是一种概括,但如果一家公司的借款月周转率超过 4 个月,则该公司被视为借款规模较大。

当然,有些公司的存款比其他公司多,所以请注意这只是 "概括"。

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