NEWS

NEWS

NEWS

2024.01.29

公布了发票上的“常见问题”。

首先

2023年10月发票Q&A修订后,国家税务机关收到的问题已以“常见问题解答”的形式整理发布。

如果收据标记和发票发行公布网站的标记不同时

说明如何处理收到的收据(简易发票)的标记和发票发行经营者公布网站的检索结果不同情况。虽然收到了记载商号的收据,但在发票发行经营者公布网站上检索收据的发票注册号时,只显示经营者的姓名或名称,而不显示商号。在这种情况下,如果能够确认注册号的有效性,则可作为有效发票允许扣除购置税。

以书面收据的方式交付

对于沐浴税等不征收消费税的交易,没有义务开具发票或简易发票。,问题③中显示了两个手写简易发票的例子,包括不征税交易的情况,因为不征税的交易也可以包括在简易发票中。
※此图来自国税厅“常见问题解答”

关于免税企业开具的发票

也介绍了有关与免税企业交易的措施。免税企业不能开具发票,但仍可开局不符合发票资格的票据。

但是,禁止交付带有可能被误认为发票的文件,否则将受到处罚。例如,带有与注册号相似的字母数字字符的文件可能会被误认为是发票。

此外,即使免税企业在发票上注明相当于消费税的金额,如果不存在被误认为发票的风险,也不会受到处罚。问题④明确指出,即使是免税企业,只要适当,也允许在交易价格中加入相当于购买时支付的消费税的金额。

过渡措施甚至可以适用于与发票开具公司的交易

对于从消费者、免税企业和未登记为发票开具企业的应税企业购买的商品,有一项过渡性措施,允许在一定时期内扣除相当于购置税金额的80%。此外,明确了过渡性措施不仅适用于与发票开具企业以外的交易,还适用于从发票开具企业收到的没有注册号的发票。满足分类记载发票等记载事项的情况下,也明确了可以适用经过措施

为了适用过渡性措施,有必要保留注明适用过渡性措施的账簿,如"80%扣除"和"免税",以及包含与单独注明的发票相同项目的发票等。

再次确认继承时结算课税的赠与

首先

在未考虑未来赠与规划的情况下,贸然选择在继承时通过结算课税的方式进行赠与,可能会面临重大风险。如果选择在继承时利用结算课税方式进行赠与,请确保在实施前充分了解其利弊。

2024年1月以后的赠与

自2024年1月1日起,关于继承时结算课税的赠与,将创设110万日元的基础扣除额。这与历年赠与的基础扣除额110万日元不同,因此在2024年1月1日之后,以下两项将同时进行。

  1. 历年赠与的基础扣除额110万日元
  2. 继承时结算课税赠与的基础扣除额110万日元

2024年1月1日之后的日历年赠与有7年的结转期,而继承时结算课税赠与则没有结转期,因此经常听到有人说2024年以后继承时结算课税赠与会增加的声音。但是,如果要使用这种继承时结算课税赠与,有几点必须牢记。

继承时清算课税赠与

继承时结算课税的赠与制度始于2003年,至今已有20年历史。在继承时通过结算课税进行的赠与,在赠与人有生之年不超过2,500万日元的部分无需缴纳赠与税。超过2,500万日元的部分一律征收20%的赠与税。

不过,需要注意的是,所有在继承时结算课税的赠与税捐赠的财产,在赠与者去世时都将计入遗产,并征收遗产税。
※这里产生的遗产税与过去支付的赠与税之间的差额将被结算。
最终,赠与税在继承时结清,因此赠与的时间只是暂时性的。这就是继承时结算课税制度。

例)使用继承时清算课税的赠与,从祖父向孙子赠与现金500万日元,孙子用该现金购买上市股票的情况
祖父继承时,即使上市股票的市价为2,000万日元,继承税的课税对象也是现金500万日元部分。因此,如果使用这个制度购买预计涨价的财产,可以享受好处,赠送预期会贬值的财产会损失。

继承时结算课税的赠与缺点

继承时结算课税的赠与缺点是,一旦选择了就不能返回日历年赠与。

对于用完2,500万日元限额后的赠与,对超过基础扣除额110万日元的部分征收20%的赠与税,并计入赠与人的遗产。

另一个缺点是,赠与税的法定时效不再适用。正常日历年的赠与时效为自法定申报期限起六年,除非是恶意案件。即使在赠与时不小心忘记申报,过了一定期间也不会征收赠与税。

但是,通过继承时结算课税的赠与、情况有所不同。一旦选择了这一制度,选择后获得的所有赠与金额都将计入继承遗产中。这就意味着不会因为时效而不征收赠与税。

什么是债务人分类?

首先

是否曾向银行查询过贵公司的债务人分类?将目标放在稍好的债务人分类上将会带来舒适的资金周转。

什么是债务人分类?

债务人分类是指银行为每个贷款对象企业设定的分类,根据公司的财务状况、盈利能力和贷款偿还状况来决定。

银行根据公司的债务人分类及其担保状况(即如果公司无法偿还贷款,银行可以通过信用担保协会的代位权或出售抵押品收回多少贷款),在公司贷款中预留坏账备抵,并编制银行自己的财务报表。

债务人分类是1999年制定的《金融检查手册》中记载的,根据该手册,银行对贷款对象企业进行债务人分类,根据债务人分类将贷款按照无法收回的风险程度进行分类,并记录坏账准备。金融检查手册已于2019年废止,但预计在未来一段时间内,各银行仍将继续使用债务人分类。

债务人分类有以下5种

  1. 正常借款人
  2. 需要关注的借款人
  3. 濒临破产借款人
  4. 实质破产的借款人
  5. 破产借款人

1. 正常借款人

业绩良好,没有特别的财务问题,也没有拖欠款项的公司。

2. 需要关注的借款人

需要关注的借款人分为"其他需要关注的借款人"和"需要管理的借款人"。需要关注的客户是指业绩不佳、存在财务问题或贷款逾期的公司。

在需要关注的客户中,贷款全部或部分属于"受控贷款"的公司被归类为"受控客户"。

需要监管的贷款是指拖欠3个月以上的贷款或"放宽贷款条件"的贷款。"放宽贷款条件"的贷款是指银行为重组或支持借款人而给予宽限期偿还本金、减免利率、延期支付利息或免除债权的贷款。

换句话说,拖欠贷款超过3个月或贷款已被银行采取特别措施的公司被归类为受控客户,而其他有财务问题的公司则被归类为需要关注的其他客户。

3. 濒临破产的借款人

财务困难,状况毫无起色,长期拖欠贷款的公司。

4. 实质破产的公司

虽然在法律上和形式上没有发生破产的事实,但由于自主停业而废止了营业所等,实际上已经破产,不在营业。

5. 破产的公司

已启动破产等法律程序的公司。

贷款审批的难易程度因银行将归入哪一类借款人而有很大不同。正常借款人"更容易获得贷款,而"其他需要关注的借款人"获得贷款的可能性较小。

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