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2024.04.29

公布定额减税的报税表草案

首先

定额减税需要提交另一套新的文件。这只会增加中小企业的事务负担。

新申报书的内容

新的申报书的名称是“令和6年度预扣预缴税款定额减税申报书及年末调整定额减税申报书”(以下,样式①)以及“令和6年度工资收入者的配偶扣除等申报书及年末调整定额减税申报书”。

工资负责人使用样式①来确定符合减税条件的同住配偶和抚养亲属。但是,样式①并不需要由所有员工提交。

【同一生计配偶】
与纳税人共同居住且总收入在48万日元以下的配偶


首先,如果员工有抚养亲属,或者有同住配偶可预扣源泉扣除(总收入900万日元以下的员工配偶),可以通过抚养扣除等申报书确认。可预扣源泉扣除配偶中,总收入48万日元以下的配偶也属于同一生计配偶,因此请核对"预计收入额"。

另外,未满16岁的抚养亲属,也可以通过抚养扣除等申报书中的居民税相关事项来了解。因此,不需要提交样式①。

与此相反,对于抚养扣除等申报书中没有记载的同一生计配偶(员工总收入超过900万日元,且不属于预扣源泉扣除的配偶),则需要提交样式①。

可预扣源泉扣除配偶和同一生计配偶的不同

某一配偶是否属于可预扣源泉扣除配偶或同一生计配偶,不仅取决于配偶本人的收入,还取决于作为纳税人的员工的收入。

例如,即使是没有收入的家庭主妇,也可以如下。

  • 配偶既属于可预扣源泉扣除配偶也属于同一生计配偶
  • 员工总收入超过900万日元时:配偶只属于同一生计配偶

通常,工资负责人可以通过抚养扣除等申报书了解抚养亲属的情况,但由于无法从抚养扣除等申报书中得知不符合减税条件的同住配偶和抚养亲属,因此需要员工提交记载同一生计配偶相关信息的样式①。

造成这种复杂情况的原因是,配偶扣除额和定额减税的覆盖范围不同。如果纳税人的总收入超过1,000万日元,就不能享受配偶扣除,但如果超过1,000万日元但低于185万日元,配偶也有资格享受定额减税。

特别是关于配偶,很复杂,但关于抚养亲属,仅凭抚养扣除等申报书就可以掌握,对于配偶,基本上可以通过抚养扣除等申报书掌握,而对于高收入纳税者,可能必须提交样式①。

停车计时器的课税关系是?

首先

你知道停车计时器和停车票的使用费用和投币式停车场的停车费有着不同的性质吗。

停车计时器的使用费不属于停车场的费用

警视厅在主页上知道,在城市和车站前设置的停车表和停车票的使用费用在消费税法上是“免税”的。与发票制度无关,从以前开始就不征税,但在实际业务上,作为停车场费用属于课税交易的误认很多。

停车表等是根据道路交通法的时间限制停车区间这一交通规定设置的,其使用费用由各自治体的条例规定。

据警视厅透露,停车计价器等的使用费用不是停车场费用,而是利用者将停车计价器等维持管理所需的费用作为手续费缴纳,因此相当于“警察手续费”。东京都以外的自治体也对停车表等的使用费用进行了同样的手续费整理。

警视厅在其网站上公布,根据消费税法,在市区和车站前安装的停车计时器和停车票的费用是“免税”的。无论发票制度如何,它一直都是免税的,但在实践中似乎存在一个普遍的误解,即停车费属于应税交易。

停车计时器等是根据道路交通法中“限时停车区”这一交通法规设置的,其使用费由各自治体的条例规定。

根据警视厅的说法,停车计时器等的收费不是停车场费用,而是属于“警察手续费”,因为用户需要支付停车计时器等的维护和管理所需的费用。东京都以外的自治体似乎也以同样的方式组织停车计时器等的使用费。

误认为与投币式停场相同

消费税法将这笔费用归类为"允许"车辆在不应该停车的地方停车的费用,根据《消费税法》附表二・五・イ(1),这笔费用免税。

【消费税法附表第二】
五、提供以下服务
i提供与下列事务有关的服务,这些服务由国家、地方公共实体、附表 3 所列法人或国家或地方公共实体根据法律法规委托或指定的任何其他人执行,并根据法律法规(政令规定的除外)其手续费、专利费、申请费及其他费用。
(1)登记、注册、专利、执照、许可、认可、承认、认定、确认及指定。


虽然在发票制度开始实施之前,这些收费是免税的,但像投币式停车一样被视为"应税"的情况也很多。随着发票制度的启动,警视厅等部门接到了许多关于停车计时器等使用费发票开具的咨询,警视厅在其网站上表示:"停车计时器的运营费和停车票发行机的发行费相当于警察手续费,消费税法第6条规定消费税不课税”。在使用停车计时器或停车票时,请注意不要索取发票。

【神奈川县警察网站的记载】
停车计时器及停车票的使用费用是神奈川县道路交通法相关手续费条例中规定的手续费,该手续费在消费税法第6条中不课税。因此,停车计价器等的使用是免税交易,无需开具合格发票

【大阪府警察网站的记载】
停车票的费用是大阪府警察事务手续费条例规定的手续费,是免税手续费。因此,没有发行合格申请书,大阪府公安委员会也不打算开具使用证明以外的任何其他证明

如何更新重新计划

首先

仅仅通过重新安排6个月或一年就能改善资金周转的公司并不多。让我们了解如何更新重新安排。

从企业方面寻求方法

在执行重新安排还款期时,必须与银行签订修改协议。修改协议将规定,重新安排还款期限通常为6个月至1年,在此期间,还款额将减少或推迟。

但是,一旦到了重新安排期限,还款条件就会恢复到原来的合同条款。但实际上,能够在短时间内,如6个月或1年内大幅增加利润以完全恢复还款的公司并不多。

因此,如果公司发现难以在截止日期前恢复还款,通常会在重新安排还款期限前大约1~2月要求银行重新安排还款期限。

首次重新安排还款期时,向银行提交的是经营改善计划书、估算表、资金周转表等资料,但在更新时报告经营改善计划的进展状况,提交最新的估算表、资金周转表等。

进度报告将损益计划与实际数字进行比较,并说明计划利润的实现程度以及行动计划的执行情况。

银行可能会在最后期限到来之前询问是否应延长重订计划,但原则上,即使银行不问,企业也应要求延长重订计划。否则,重订计划将不会延期,还款将恢复。我想避免看到重新开始后的偿还额被从存款账户中扣除而慌慌张张地向银行申请更新日程。

银行视点

当银行收到公司的延期续贷申请时,会考虑恢复还款是否真的有困难,如果有困难,还款额是否可以增加,哪怕是一点点。

银行会检查该公司因改善管理而盈利的程度,并在此基础上与该公司讨论还款额可以增加多少。

例如,如果由于重新安排还款期而将每月还款额定为0日元,那么银行可能会建议,如果企业由于改善管理而每月产生50万日元的现金,那么就有可能恢复每月1 万至40万日元的还款额。

公司希望按照银行的建议恢复还款或增加还款额,但公司急于求成,导致日后面临现金流困难的情况并不少见。

一般来说,公司在重新安排还款期期间,不能申请新的贷款。即使利润开始上升,也要将需要偿还的金额控制在较低水平,并将其作为存款存入公司,以便用作营运资金,或在公司再次出现赤字时使用。

在公司攒够足够的存款之前,不要一下子提高还款额,可以考虑协商重新安排续贷时间。

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  • Russell Bedford
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